高温高湿气候区超低能耗建筑围护结构热工指标体系

The Islands of South China Sea are located in high temperature and humidity climate zone where the requirements of cooling and dehumidification by means of air-conditioning in the entire year, as a result, thermal and humid prevention simultaneously should be considered in the thermal design, the corresponding thermal strategies in this area is obviously different from the existing five thermal design climate zones in China. From the result of analyzing current meteorological data, buildings on the islands will use the combination operation pattern of air-conditioning and natural ventilation alternately, which undoubtedly needs special requirements on thermal design. In this project, the quantitative relation between building envelope and indoor thermal environment or building cooling load under combination operation pattern was researched through methods of experimental measurement, theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, identifying OTTV for different types of building, design strategies such as types of shading, window & wall area ratio, and K value of building envelope, and researching humid prevention design index, thermal design indexes system and the corresponding construction mode are established, the techno-economic analysis of the construction mode is carried out, aiming to provide scientific fundamentals for thermal design of ultra-low energy building in hot and humid climate zone.

我国南海诸岛处于高温高湿气候区，建筑物常年需要空调降温与除湿，因而其建筑热工设计也考虑的是单向的同时防热防湿要求，热工设计对策明显区别于我国现有的五个建筑热工设计气候分区。通过现有气象资料分析，南海诸岛上的大量建筑将会采用空调降温除湿和自然通风交替运行模式，这给该地区的建筑热工设计提出了特殊的要求。本项目拟通过实验测试、理论分析和数值计算等方法，以南海岛礁超低能耗建筑为研究对象，研究在自然通风与空调交替运行模式下，围护结构与室内热环境及建筑冷负荷的定量关系，确定不同类型建筑围护结构OTTV；通过对不同建筑设计措施，如遮阳方式、窗墙面积比、围护传热系数等取值的确定，以及对建筑防湿的相关研究，建立围护结构各部分的热工设计分项指标体系及对应的构造方式，并对其构造方式进行技术经济分析。为建造高温高湿气候区超低能耗建筑的热工设计提供科学基础。

高温高湿气候区的建筑热工设计需求与设计对策与我国现有的五个建筑热工设计气候分区有显著差别。本项目通过分析太阳辐射对建筑经济保温厚度影响的三种途径，基于非平衡保温的原理利用OTTV法建立了全周期费用评价模型，将该算法在西安地区典型居住建筑中进行实例分析后发现，改良算法在西安地区得出的结果比传统算法数值小12%左右，而窗墙比变化对经济保温厚度的影响很小，分析证明该算法对高温高湿区建筑的构造及经济技术优化更有效。在充分考虑了太阳辐射和雨水负荷对围护结构传热传湿的影响的条件下，对三种不同的传热传湿模型进行对比分析发现，高温高湿气候区在进行围护结构传热传质模拟分析时应以毛细压力模型为主，空气含湿量或相对湿度模型可以作为辅助来加强数值模拟计算的精度。项目研究结果为在高温高湿气候区开展超低能耗建筑的热工设计提供了理论依据及计算方法。