基于贵金属纳米粒子/多孔石墨烯复合物电化学传感器研究

Development of new electrode materials with high electrocatalytic activity is of great importance for construction of electrochemical sensors. Graphene, a single atomic plane of graphite, has been widely used in electrochemistry as an electrode material or catalyst support. However, due to the unique single-layer structure of graphene, graphene sheets tend to stack together through π-π interaction, which has an effect on its surface area and seriously hinders its application in electrochemistry. In this project, porous graphene with large surface area is prepared by template method. Thanks to the large surface area and porous structure of porous graphene, an electrochemical sensor with high electrocatalytic activity is constructed based on noble metal nanoparticles/porous graphene nanocomposites. The low electrocatalytic activity of graphene brought by the π-π stacking of graphene sheets can be well improved by using porous graphene. The electrocatalytic activity of noble metal nanoparticles/porous graphene towards electro-active molecules, including environmental pollutant, food additive, and biological substance of human body, is evaluated. The result of this project will extend the application of graphene in detection of environmental pollutant, food security analysis, and biological substance analysis.

发展高活性的电极材料对于构建高灵敏的电化学传感器有重要的意义。石墨烯是一种由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料，在电化学中应用广泛。石墨烯碳原子层之间的π-π作用力很强，因此很容易发生不可逆的团聚，很大程度上影响其比表面积及其在电化学中的应用。本项目拟利用多孔石墨烯较大的比表面积和多孔结构，构建基于贵金属纳米粒子/多孔石墨烯的电化学传感器，期望解决因石墨烯团聚导致其电催化性能较低问题。通过研究金属纳米粒子/多孔石墨烯对环境污染物、食品添加剂、生物领域的电活性小分子的电化学催化能力，评价贵金属纳米粒子/多孔石墨烯的电催化性能，项目研究内容将拓展了石墨烯在环境污染物检测、食品安全分析、生物分析领域的应用。

石墨烯是一种由碳原子构成的单层片状结构的新材料。由于具有优异的导电性，较大的理论比表面积以及较好的机械强度，石墨烯在电化学中应用广泛。最近几年报道了大量的关于石墨烯电化学传感器及其应用。石墨烯碳原子层之间的π-π作用力很强，因此很容易发生不可逆的团聚，很大程度上影响其比表面积及其在电化学中的应用。本项目利用多孔石墨烯较大的比表面积和多孔结构，构建基于贵金属纳米粒子/多孔石墨烯的电化学传感器，解决因石墨烯团聚导致其电催化性能较低问题。通过研究金属纳米粒子（氧化铜纳米粒子、铂纳米粒子、钯纳米粒子等）/多孔石墨烯对环境污染物（苯二酚异构体）、药物、生物领域的电活性小分子的电化学催化能力，评价贵金属纳米粒子/多孔石墨烯的电催化性能，项目研究内容将拓展了石墨烯在环境污染物检测、食品安全分析、生物分析领域的应用。