基于矿物纳米结构的多维石墨烯基多孔模板炭的调制机理

As 2D materials, anisotropic structure and properties of graphene limited its application and development. Based the microstructure mineral, porous carbon materials of multi-dimension graphene will be constructed and prepared in 3 dimensions by using template of cheap natural nanostructural mineral materials in the project. The effect of carbon precursor, temperature and pressure on thickness and properties will be checked on orthogonal tests. On the base of analyses and calculation of the parameters of microstructure according to characterization by the advanced techniques (electron microscopy and etc.) and properties of natural mineral materials and resultant template carbon materials, the relationships model among parameters of microstructure, properties and formation conditions could be established on the fundamental experiments and orthogonal tests, then the formation mechanism of porous template carbon materials of multi-dimension graphene will be detected and discussed. New energy storage materials cooperated Li-ion battery and suppercapater will be constructed by 2D basic structure (BSU) of graphite by template method for intercalation of functional particles and porous structure for their active space. It would be possible to construct new energy storage materials with accorded structure by graphene and porous carbon materials, and cooperated properties of Li-ion battery and suppercapater. This research will be helpful for natural mineral science and beneficial for new carbon materials production, the resultant materials could be valuable in the energy storage, electronic, medical field in the future.

石墨烯为二维材料、结构、性能异向性大，制约其发展和应用。本项目在分析天然矿物微观结构基础上，利用天然三维纳米结构矿物为模板、在三维空间构筑石墨烯，试图研制“三维石墨烯”、合成“石墨烯基多孔模板炭”。通过正交实验分析碳源、温压条件等对模板炭的厚度、性能的影响，结合先进电子显微技术等，研究天然多维矿物、石墨烯基多孔炭材料的结构参数、性能、合成条件的关系，研究天然多维矿物纳米结构对石墨烯基多孔炭结构的控制机理。通过模板法构筑碳材料的二维基本结构单元（BSU），存储功能粒子，通过模板构筑多孔结构，提供功能粒子活动空间，研究兼具锂离子电池、电容器性能的新型储能材料。基于矿物纳米结构的多维石墨烯基多孔模板炭研究，有可能获得兼具石墨烯和多孔炭结构、同时具有锂离子电池、电容器性能的新型储能材料-多维石墨烯基多孔模板炭，在材料科学、矿物科学的研究方面有深远的科学意义，在储能、电子、医药等领域有广阔应用前景。

本项目采用三维矿物（一维矿物纤水镁石、埃洛石、二维矿物蛭石、三维硅藻土等）为硬模板、成功合成了矿物多级孔模板炭材料，用作双电层电容器、锂离子电池负极材料，基于矿物纳米结构合成的多级孔模板炭的储能性能远高于普通炭材料。碳源量与电化学性能总体成负相关关系。碳源量越多，合成模板炭总量越多，电化学性能越低。碳源量越少，碳层越薄，越趋于薄层石墨烯碳，电化学性能越好。但是，碳源比例过低时，碳源不足以覆盖矿物表面，无法形成充分复合的模板炭。模板炭基本继承了原始矿物的纳米结构，去除模板引入了大孔、中孔孔结构，形成了兼具微孔、大孔、中孔的多级孔结构新型模板炭材料。矿物多级孔模板炭的比电容与微孔量正相关。微孔毛细作用促进储能离子的吸附，形成更多的双电层电容，大孔和中孔为离子快速传输提供了通道，提升了材料的倍率性能。天然矿物资源丰富、成本低廉，作为模板，合成分级孔炭材料。基于矿物纳米结构的多维多级孔模板炭有可能成为新型高性能多维多级孔模板炭材料合成方法，成为矿物的应用拓展的新途径，在储能领域具有巨大的应用潜力。