基于分布式风险预警的青藏高原东部高寒草地资源生态安全研究

By using the advantage of inter-disciplinary research of geosciences and other related subjects, the novel research of ecological risk assessment, early warning, and ecological security control of regional grassland recourses are conducted in alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. (1) Keep the hot spot of academic front, the research of the new method and the comprehensive index system of dynamic assessment ecological risk are carried out based on RS technology. (2) The ecological risk assessment, operational research, system modeling, software engineering are combined with WebGIS innovatively, referring to the natural environment and disaster early warning system, a distributed monitoring system for grassland ecological risk warning is established. (3) According to the early warning results, the original innovation research of the ecological security control of different type of grassland under different risk level is developed. This study will reveal the risk sources, causes and risk factors of spatial and temporal characteristics of ecological risk of alpine grassland, and will assess the degree of risk and build distributed risk warning system scientifically, and will analyze the inherent mechanism of the impacts of risks of alpine grassland on ecological security, and will explore the maintainable mechanism and control measures of the ecological security of alpine grassland resources. The expected results will fill the gaps of coupling research of risk early warning and ecological security of grassland resources, and will develop and enrich the content of environmental science and geography, and will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable use of the western alpine grassland resources.

以青藏高原东部高寒草地为研究对象,运用地学及相关学科交叉优势进行生态风险评价、预警和区域草地资源生态安全维持的创新研究。(1)追踪国内外前沿,基于遥感(RS)技术,进行草地生态风险动态评价综合指标体系及新方法的研究。(2)创新的将生态风险评价与运筹学、系统建模、软件工程设计及WebGIS技术结合,并参照国家自然环境灾害预警体系,建立分布式草地生态风险预警监测系统。(3)基于预警结果,进行不同草地资源类型在不同风险程度下的生态安全管控对策的原创研究。研究将揭示高寒草地生态风险的主要风险源、成因及风险因子的时空特征，将科学评定风险程度并建立分布式风险预警系统，揭示高寒草地风险对生态安全的内在影响机理，探索草地资源生态安全的有效维持机制与管控方法。预期成果将填补我国草地资源风险预警与生态安全耦合研究的空白，丰富和发展自然资源学和环境地理学的内容，为西部高寒草地的可持续利用提供理论依据与技术支撑。

基于自然科学基金项目（41471450）支持，经过课题组成员4年细致的研究工作，已经完成并达到了预期目标。项目以中国西部青藏高原高寒草地为研究对象,运用多学科交叉优势进行生态风险预警及草地资源生态安全维持机理的研究。主要研究内容有：(1)追踪国内外研究,创新性的基于遥感(RS)技术,开展高寒草地生态风险评价综合指标体系及新方法的研究。(2)将生态风险评价与运筹学、系统工程学、计算机编程设计、3S技术结合,并参照国家自然环境灾害预警体系,建立了分布式的多功能高寒草地生态风险预警动态监测系统。(3)完成了基于预警结果，进行不同风险程度下，不同草地资源类型的生态安全管控对策的原创研究。项目主要研究成果：已经发表了SCI级别和CSCD级别多篇科研论文；培养了该方向数名博士、硕士研究生；相关研究结果正在申请2项发明专利。通过研究,揭示导致高寒草地生态风险的主要因子、成因、草地退化过程及其生态风险程度;阐明草地固碳潜力和生态安全维持机理,提出有效人工恢复管理措施;建立了分布式生态风险预警监测系统。研究结果将填补我国高寒草地资源生态安全及风险预警耦合研究的空白。