用于土木工程监测的基于鱼耳低频超灵敏感知的仿生传感机理与应用研究

It is essential to develop high sensitive sensors for early warning of natural disasters and efficient structural health monitoring of infrastructures.Based on the sensitivity mechanisms of fish inner ear to low frequency weak vibration, the hair cell gating spring model will be established. Adaptive signal amplification and sensitivity are verified by numerical simulation of otolith hair cells to low frequency and weak vibration. Combined with micro-electromechanical systems technology,a new bio-inspired silicon acceleration is proposed based on the magnetic-pendulum structure. A new bio-inspired silicon acceleration sensor will be developed. It's performance will be tested and verified by experimental testing. Based on the noise reduction of the fish ear and the arrangement of the hair cells, the hair cells array model will be established, Common mode rejection of noise on multiple channels with combination of data fusion of hair cell array is verified by numerical simulation. And noise reduction strategies will be clarified. Based on above, a new bio-inspired silicon accelerometer sensor array will ba proposed and developed. The performance the acceleratin array will be tested and verified by landslide test. It's reliability will be verified by enviroment vibration test of the long-span bridges or high-rise structure. The project proposed theory will be significantly innovative in the world.

为了有效预警监测地质灾害和对大跨度或高层等长周期结构的有效监测，有必要发展一种低频高灵敏传感器。基于鱼内耳对低频微弱振动的超敏感性机理，建立毛细胞的门控弹簧模型，通过数值模拟验证耳石毛细胞对低频微弱振动的自适应信号放大和灵敏性。结合微机电系统技术，提出基于磁-倒摆结构的硅加速度传感器设计思路，研制仿生硅高灵敏加速度传感器，并经过实验测试与验证。分析鱼耳的降噪措施，基于毛细胞的排列是多向的，建立毛细胞阵列模型，通过数值模拟验证毛细胞阵列基于数据融合的多通道噪声的共模抑制，阐述传感器的综合降噪方法。在此基础上提出基于磁-倒摆阵列的高灵敏传感器阵列的设计，研制仿生硅加速度传感阵列，并经滑坡试验进行测试，在大跨度桥梁或超高层结构上安装进行环境振动测试，验证传感阵列的可靠性。本项目的研究所提出的理论方法在国内外都具有明显的创新性，具有广泛的工程应用前景。

本项目揭示了鱼内耳毛细胞对低频振动感知的工作机理，基于仿生概念研发出了一种新型负刚度低频变电容传感器，具有非线性自适应放大功能，对低频微弱振动信号具有高灵敏性，用于搭建全新的超灵敏低频智能传感系统。各项测试结果显示，该传感器在利用小波等算法降噪后，其传感器的低频特性大大优化，实现了对低频微弱振动信号的高灵敏性。另外，该传感器具有体积小、重量轻、能耗低等优点，各项性能指标满足设计要求。该高灵敏仿生智能传感器为土木工程健康监测和滑坡的预警与监测提供了良好的技术保障，具有重要的社会意义、工程应用价值及经济效益前景。