力学刺激和纳米银修饰多级微纳钛表面对种植体骨结合性能的影响及机理研究

In order to reduce the length of treatment time and prevent peri-implant diseases, many studies have been proposed in the pattern of ‘biomaterials→cells/bacteria’. Being different from the property of anti-bacteria for dental implants, it is not possible for the process of osseointegration to fully avoid the interference of mechanical stimuli. The issue of achieving and maintaining optimized osseointegration results under the influence of mechanical stimuli is the fundamental factor for shorten treatment time. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the combined effect of mechanical stimuli and implant surface property on the functions of bone related cells and implant osseointegration as well as the underlying molecular mechanism. In our previous studies, the micro/nano-topography, sandblasted and etched titanium surface modified with silver nanoparticles, enhanced the properties of anti-bacteria and osseointegration significantly. In the current study, the cell study model of ‘biomaterials→ cells ← mechanical stimuli’ will be established. Then a systemic study on the combined effect of mechanical stimuli and implant surface micro/nano-topography on the functions of osseointegration will be conducted. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanism will be studied. Finally, the effect of mechanical stimuli on osseointegration will be confirmed in vivo. The results will provide necessary data for the surface topographical designing and optimization in terms of the mechanical stimuli to accelerate the osseointegration process. In addition, the results may also provide clues for better hard tissue regeneration in terms of utilizing the mechanical stimuli.

提高植体骨结合性能以缩短治疗周期，改善植体抗菌性能以降低植体周围炎的发生，是现代口腔种植领域研究的两大热点。其中，骨结合过程不能与生物力学环境相分离，实现在力学刺激条件下骨结合速度和质量的优化是缩短种植治疗周期的必要前提。然而，现有多数研究均采用“生物材料→细胞”研究模型，是静态的尝试性实验，未考虑力学刺激这一关键因素，对力学刺激与材料表面共同作用于细胞时的效果、规律及其分子机制的研究鲜有报道，这是众多体外研究难以转化为体内应用的根本原因。课题组前期研究发现纳米银颗粒修饰喷砂酸蚀钛表面多级微纳结构可显著提高材料的抗菌性能，同时改进骨结合效果。在此基础上，本课题设计并完善“生物材料→细胞←力学刺激”体外研究模型，结合动物体内种植加力模型，研究力学刺激与微纳表面共同作用对材料骨结合性能的影响及分子机制，为从力学角度研究植体表面设计促进更快更好骨结合，甚至从力学角度促进骨再生提供必要的实验依据。

提高种植体骨结合性能以缩短治疗周期，改善种植体抗菌性能以降低种植体周围炎的发生，是现代口腔种植技术研究的两大热点。其中，骨结合过程不能与生物力学环境相分离，实现在力学刺激条件下骨结合速度和质量的优化是缩短种植治疗周期的必要前提。本课题在前期纳米银颗粒修饰喷砂酸蚀钛表面多级微纳结构促进钛材料骨结合性能和抗菌性能的研究基础上，设计并完善“生物材料→细胞←力学刺激”模型，初步揭示了力学刺激与微纳表面共同作用对材料骨结合性能的影响。.种植体周围炎是现代口腔种植技术最常见并发症，常规临床治疗效果欠佳。病因学研究表明菌群失调是导致种植体周围炎的始动因子，目前其相关微生物群的结构和致病机制尚未完全明确。本课题前期初步完成口腔微生物组参比数据库的构建和种植体周围炎犬动物模型建立及其微生物群落分析，研究发现在健康状态和炎症状态下的种植体周围微生物群落有极显著差异；并且种植牙在炎症状态的不同时期变化较小，表明在炎症时主要菌群已完成变化，处于相对稳定的状态。一些在种植牙健康/疾病状态下有极显著差异的菌如Porphyromonas macacae，可能在将来作为牙齿健康/疾病状态的指示菌，用于预防和治疗种植体周围炎的依据。