基于触变性电解质的准固态染料敏化太阳能电池的研究

Based on research and development of quasi-solid dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSC), thixotropic quasi-solid electrolyte is constructed through nanometer synthesis technology. Its mechanical thixotropy can enhance the ion transport capacity, permeability and filling ability of quasi-solid electrolyte in the nanoporous films, which must improve photoelectric conversion efficiency of quasi-solid DSSCs and the stability of the devices, which provides theory and practice on the research and application of DSSCs. Thixotropic quasi-solid electrolyte is constructed by employing a nanocomposite inorganic sol with narrow size distribution and uniform dispersion made by the sol-gel method or other synthesis methods, by mixing ionic liquid, active redox electric couple and other components. Thixotropy structure model of quasi-solid electrolyte is established by characterization on the ionic transfer capability, stability and liquidity, with permeability and filling ability in the nanoporous film. Multiple composite anode films with different grain sizes or grain morphologies are constructed by mixing with nano-powder of different sizes or 1-D nano powder (titanium oxide nanorods or nanotubes) is synthesized. The chemical structure, porosity, surface area and structure of nano-powder and films are characterized through the SEM, BET, XPS and FTIR methods. It investigates interface charge transfer process and photoelectric performance of devices which are assembled with the thixotropy quasi-solid electrolyte and multiple composite anode films. It also researches the filling and coating process of the thixotropic quasi-solid electrolyte, and investigates assembly and encapsulation technology of quasi-solid DSSC devices.

基于准固态或固态染料敏化太阳能电池的研究和开发，通过纳米合成技术制备具有触变性的准固态电解质，利用其触变性提高准固态电解质的离子传输能力和填充性能，并提高准固态电池器件的光电转换效率和稳定性，为太阳能电池的研究和应用提供理论和实践基础。采用溶胶-凝胶法和其它合成方法合成颗粒粒径分布窄、均匀分散的无机纳米溶胶，配合离子液体和氧化还原电对等组分复合制备触变性准固态电解质。表征其离子导电传输能力、流动性、稳定性及在纳米多孔薄膜中的渗透性和填充性，建立电解质触变性结构模型。合成不同纳米粒径、一维纳米形态的氧化钛纳米粉体，均匀混合制备具有多重孔道和晶粒形态的复合光阳极薄膜。通过SEM、BET、XPS和FTIR等对纳米粉体及薄膜的化学结构、孔隙率、表面积和结构进行表征。组装准固态电池器件，考察电池的界面电荷转移过程及光电转换性能。研究和探索准固态电解质的灌装和涂膜工艺，考察准固态电池的装配和封装技术。

基于准固态和固态电解质染料敏化太阳能电池的研究和开发，通过纳米合成技术制备触变性的准固态电解质，利用其触变性提高准固态电解质的离子传输能力和填充性能，并提高电池器件的光电转换效率和稳定性。采用水热合成法合成形态稳定的一维氧化钛纳米棒和纳米溶胶，均匀混合，通过电流体动力学技术(EHD)制备具有多重孔道的复合光阳极薄膜。采用液相氧化还原法通过天然鳞片石墨制备了石墨烯材料与纳米铂颗粒复合，采用电流体动力学法在FTO导电基体成膜制备了铂/石墨烯复合薄膜对电极。采用钙钛矿吸收层CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3)为主要原料，在空气环境下，分别制备平面型和介孔型异质结结构的钙钛矿太阳能电池。试验中通过组装电池器件，分别考察了各电池器件的光电转换特性。针对不同组织结构，通过各种表征手段进行结构和性能分析，探讨了制备工艺条件和影响因素。合成制备准固态电解质具有机械触变性，能提高准固态电解质在具有微纳米级通道的多孔薄膜中渗透和填充性能，具有很好离子传输作用和电荷转移能力，提高了电池器件的光电转换效率和稳定性。合成具有微纳米级通道的多级结构光阳极薄膜，铂/石墨烯复合对电极以及钙钛矿型太阳能电池，为新型太阳能电池的研究和应用提供理论和实践基础。