农田景观格局对二化螟越冬幼虫天敌多样性及其控害功能的调节

Ecosystem services on pest control of landscape are the forefront research topic both in pest control science and ecology. Differences in landscape pattern affect the reduced of pest overwintering population and the ecological pest control of natural enemies significantly. Based on the previous research on diapause biology and landscape ecological services, the current proposal aimed to the regulation of landscape pattern on the population density of overwintering larvae in rice stems borer Chilo suppressalis, natural enemies diversity and its ecosystem services on pest control. In view of the obvious difference on landscape in different regions, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing (UAVRS) combined with field GPS exploring were be used to analysis the difference of landscape before and after overwinter. Based on the pest control role of natural enemies regulating by landscape, via filed period investigating, pest and natural enemies sampling, combined with principal components analysis (PCA), to revealed the depress effects of landscape differences on population of overwintering larvae in C. suppressalis. The field close and open cage experiment, molecular detection techniques and metabarcoding were also used to evaluate the natural enemy diversity of RSB overwintering larvae, their potential role in pest control and prey food web, which may helpful for the regulatory effect natural enemy diversity by landscape differences on predominant pests control. The proposal of the current study contributes to enriching the theory of ecosystem services in ecological pest control on pest overwintering population. In practice, its will be significant to establishes the application mode of landscape ecosystem services on protection of beneficial insects and depression pests, lays the necessary basic data for further enhancing the ecosystem services function of agricultural landscape.

农田景观格局的生态控害功能是害虫防治学和生态学的前沿领域。农田景观格局差异显著影响害虫的越冬基数和天敌的生态控害功能。基于前期滞育生物学和景观生态服务的研究基础，拟开展农田景观格局差异对二化螟越冬幼虫种群基数调节、天敌多样性及其控害服务功能研究。针对不同区域差异明显的农田景观，利用无人机遥感并结合GPS勘查，解析区域农田景观越冬前后的差异；从农田景观格局调节天敌控害功能出发，通过田间系统调查和采样，结合主成分分析，明确农田景观格局差异对二化螟越冬基数的影响；进一步应用罩笼比对等生态学实验、分子检测和Metabarcoding技术评估二化螟越冬幼虫天敌多样性、控害潜力及食物网关系，明确农田景观格局差异对优势天敌类群、迁移及控害功能的调节作用。研究内容有助于充实农田景观格局调控害虫越冬基数的生态控害理论；实践上，为建立农田景观保益控害的应用模式，提升农业景观区域性的服务功能奠定必要的基础资料。

农田景观格局的生态控害功能是害虫防治学和生态学的前沿领域。农田景观格局差异显著影响天敌的生态控害功能和害虫的发生。水稻重要害虫二化螟越冬期间，不同农田景观格局下天敌的生态服务功能对控制害虫种群基数起了重大的调控作用。基于前期滞育生物学和景观生态服务的研究基础，本项目系统开展农田景观格局差异对二化螟越冬幼虫种群基数调节、天敌多样性及其生态控害服务功能研究。本项目在2019年-2022年执行期间，按照项目的研究计划全面开展了相关研究工作。项目的研究内容主要包括区域农田景观格局分析：(1)冬季农田景观的调查与分析、不同冬种模式农田景观结构的比较分析；(2)农田景观格局差异对二化螟越冬种群及其天敌的影响：田景观格局对稻田二化螟种群的越冬存活、天敌多样性、丰富度、天敌种群的迁移及其控害功能的影响; (3)从农业景观多样性调控二化螟成虫发生和天敌种群多样性、丰富度，越冬期间二化螟越冬幼虫被捕食或寄生的食物网关系方面开展了系统调查研究。项目研究系统评估了不同时空尺度下农田景观格局调节天敌/二化螟越冬的关系，评价农业景观格局调节寄生性和捕食性天敌对水稻二化螟越冬幼虫滞育期间的生态控害服务功能。研究内容有助于充实农田景观格局调控害虫越冬基数的生态控害理论；实践上，为建立农田景观保益控害的应用模式，提升农业景观区域性的服务功能奠定必要的基础资料。