新型卟啉染料敏化太阳能电池的制备与系统优化

In recent years, to deal with the energy crisis and environmental pollution caused by fossil fuels, various types of solar cells have attracted intensive interests and have gained fast development. Among them, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have gained widespread attention, showing the advantages of easy fabrication, low cost, and high efficiency. Relative to perovskite solar cells, we are encountering a bottleneck in improving the efficiencies of DSSCs. Based on our previous work, in this project, we will address the scientific problems of enhancing light-harvesting ability and suppressing dye aggregation and electron recombination, utilizing porphyrin macrocycle as the central constructing unit. The dyes will be systematically and stepwise optimized by varying the electron donors, acceptors, porphyrin macrocycle and anti-aggregation groups, with the purpose to develop novel and efficient porphyrin dyes. Combined with the cosensitization approach and the improvement in the cell fabrication technique, we expect to make a breakthrough in improving the cell efficiencies. Meanwhile, we will achieve a better understanding of the structure-property relationship. In summary, this project is theoretically importance and potentially applicable. The applicant has rich research experience in the related areas, and we have synthesized some key intermediates and final products, which have paved the ways for the implementation of the project.

为应对能源危机和化石燃料造成的环境污染，各类太阳能电池研究受到广泛关注。其中，染料敏化太阳能电池具有制备简便、成本较低和光电转换效率较高等优势，近年来取得长足发展。但是相对于钙钛矿电池，目前其效率的提升已遇到瓶颈，进展较为缓慢。本项目拟在本课题组前期碘电解质非钌染料敏化电池最高效率研究成果基础上，基于卟啉大环，从提升光捕获能力、抑制染料聚集和电子复合等科学问题着手，从电子给体、受体、卟啉环、抗聚集基团等方面对染料分子进行逐步、综合结构优化，可望得到结构新颖、性能突出的卟啉染料。进一步结合共敏化策略和电池制备工艺的改进，可望在效率方面有所突破。同时，通过本项目研究，可进一步理解染料结构与电池效率关联规律。总之，本项目具有重要理论价值和实际应用前景。申请人在相关领域有丰富的研究经验，而且本项目有良好的前期研究基础，已成功合成部分关键中间体和目标产物，为项目的完成奠定了扎实的基础。

染料敏化太阳能电池 (DSSCs) 作为一种成本低、环境友好的光伏技术，有助于满足清洁和可再生能源日益增长的需求。本项目以卟啉染料为研究对象，针对其结构与光谱响应的构效关系、卟啉染料分子与共敏化剂的匹配问题及其聚集等问题进行了系统研究，在染料给体、受体和卟啉大环等结构单元进行逐步、综合优化基础上，进一步发展了“闭环屏缚”和“协同伴侣染料”设计策略，提升电池器件电流和电压，取得了理想的效果，实现了基于碘电解质的光电转换效率纪录 (12.4%)。此外，还开展了基于错位吡咯调控的特色卟啉大环转化反应研究，设计、合成系列新型异卟啉。相关研究结果在国内外学术期刊发表系列论文，其中包括 JACS 和 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 论文共 5 篇。并应邀在 Energy Environ. Sci. 发表综述 1 篇。综上所述，本项目发展了高效卟啉类染料敏化太阳能电池，取得了理想的研究成果，既有重要理论价值，也有良好应用前景。