面向无人机集群的安全波束赋形理论与关键技术

The emerging 6G gradually opens the age of everything interconnection. With the advancement of the integration of air, space and sea, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications have become a fashionable research direction. Compared with single UAV communications, UAV swarm communications have attracted more and more attention due to its performance advantages of wide signal coverage and high communication reliability. This project focuses on physical layer transmission security, and carries out research on the theory and key technologies of the UAV swarm security beamforming..This project mainly involves three research contents: Firstly, the UAV swarm communications cooperative transmission technology, including the clock and frequency synchronization, the channel estimation and tracking, and the beam robustness optimization; Secondly, the security beamforming technology of UAV swarm single formation, including the security beamforming and the beam optimization, and the environment intelligent adaptive technology. Thirdly, the security beamforming technology of UAV swarm multi-formation, including the security beamforming and the beam optimization, and the environment intelligent collaborative adaptive technology..From the above research, it aims to solve the key scientific problems including the cooperative transmission of UAV swarm communications, the limitations of endurance and load capacity, and the inadequacy of adaptive ability. Finally, the theory and the method of UAV swarm security beamforming are formed, which lays the foundation for the development and evolution of UAV swarm communications.

正在兴起的6G逐渐开启了万物互联时代，随着空天地海一体化的推进，无人机通信成为了炙手可热的研究方向。较单机无人机通信，无人机集群通信因具有信号覆盖范围广、通信可靠性高等优势，逐渐倍受关注。本项目聚焦物理层传输安全，开展面向无人机集群的安全波束赋形理论与关键技术研究。.本项目主要涉及三方面研究内容：其一，无人机集群通信协同传输技术，包括时钟与频率同步、信道估计与信道追踪以及波束稳健性优化；其二，无人机集群单编队安全波束赋形技术，包括安全波束赋形与波束优化以及集群编队环境智能自适应技术；其三，无人机集群多编队安全波束赋形技术，包括智能表面辅助的安全波束赋形与波束优化以及集群编队环境智能协同自适应技术。.通过以上研究，旨在解决无人机集群通信协同传输问题、续航能力和负载能力有限以及自适应能力不足的关键科学问题，形成无人机集群安全波束赋形理论与方法，为无人机集群通信的发展与演进打下基础。

6G通信技术推动了空天地海一体化融合网络发展，无人机作为连接地面与高空、卫星的通信桥梁，在空天地海一体化通信中扮演着重要角色。由于无人机集群通信具有覆盖范围广、抗毁性强、可靠性高的特点，在无人机通信领域重点发展起来。发展无人机集群通信，需要着重解决无人机协同控制和传输、无人机能量消耗、无人机传输和控制安全等关键问题。本项目充分考虑无人机续航能力和通信能力有限的问题，提出了无人机集群分布式部署的算法，提高无人机集群与多天线基站之间的协同传输能力；其次，基于智能超表面在无线通信中逐渐发挥出的潜力，集成智能超表面于无人机，组成空中智能超表面（ARIS），提高无人机辅助通信的覆盖性能；紧接着，针对无人机通信中的能量消耗，专门开展了无人机能量消耗模型的飞行实验，通过实验验证理论模型的准确性，进一步指导理论研究。最后，针对无人机传输和控制安全问题，项目研究了一种基于无线物理层特征的密钥安全生成机制，该机制可以应用于无人机集群通信过程中，利用生成的密钥对无人机的传输和控制链路进行认证和加密，提高无人机集群无线传输和飞行安全。通过以上研究，旨在逐渐形成系统的无人机集群通信和内生安全理论新方法，为推动空天地海网络融合的6G通信技术发展打下基础。