高压脉冲电场协同效应失活封闭型畜禽舍空气中病原体机制研究

There is a large number of pathogenic microorganisms in the air of closed livestock and poultry, which not only seriously endanger the health of animals and practitioners, but also affect the surrounding environment. In the process of discharging, high voltage pulsed electric field produces electromagnetic field force, a variety of strong oxides, ultraviolet light and other substance. The complex physical and chemical synergistic effect has made this technique a great potential in the study of pathogens inactivation in livestock and poultry houses. On one hand, we will study the mechanism, effect and environmental impact of inactivating the airborne pathogens by the method of high voltage pulsed electric field. On the other hand, we will develop an air handling system for livestock and poultry houses based on high voltage pulsed electric field to purify air in the livestock and poultry houses aiming to prevent large-scale outbreaks of disease. Firstly, to construct the macro empirical models and the micro kinetics models, we will study the inactivating mechanism of pathogens, which are interacted by the high voltage electrostatic fields, the pulsed electric fields, and their intermediate products such as plasmas. Then, we will test the intermediate products to analysis of the impact on the environment and inactivation efficiency. Based on these researches, aimed at common livestock and poultry diseases, we will develop a high voltage pulsed electric field air handling equipment with expert system for parameter setting and functions of pathogen inactivation. The project will provide theoretical guidance and technical support for livestock and poultry breeding in large scale.

封闭型畜禽舍空气中含有大量致病微生物，严重危害动物和从业人员的健康，并对周边环境造成影响。高压脉冲电场产生电磁场力、多种强氧化物、紫外光等协同效应，复杂的理化协同效应使该技术在失活畜禽舍病原体方面具有很大的潜力。本项目旨在研究高压脉冲电场协同效应失活封闭型畜禽舍空气病原体的机理、效果和对环境的影响，并开发基于高压脉冲电场协同效应技术的畜禽舍空气处理系统，以达到净化畜禽舍空气，防治大规模畜禽疫病暴发的目的。课题从宏观到微观，研究不同参数模式下，高压静电场、脉冲电场及其产生的等离子体等作用于空气中的病原体的机理，建立高压脉冲电场失活畜禽舍病原体的宏观经验模型和微观动力学模型；测试中间产物，分析其对环境的影响和失活效率；进而研究其机理。针对常见畜禽疫病，开发具有失活病原体的多功能畜禽舍高压脉冲防疫系统，并优化设备参数，为大规模畜禽养殖提供理论指导和技术支持。

本项目利用高压脉冲电场对物料脉冲放电过程中，瞬间形成等离子体通道，产生高能电子、紫外光和各种活性粒子的协同效应，控制电场力和电场强度形成流场。根据电穿孔理论，调控高压脉冲电场，对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、细菌生物被膜和黑曲霉菌产生调控响应。根据博弈理论，高压脉冲电场对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌产生抑制效应，与驻极体共同作用于大肠杆菌产生拮抗响应；根据抑制原理对细菌生物被膜产生抑制响应；根据调控理论对黑曲霉菌产生调控响应。利用流场能量分别对粉尘、氨气、温度、湿度、病原体产生不同的调控作用。根据团聚模型，在高压脉冲电场的作用下产生大量的阴阳带电粒子，迅速吸附空气中的粉尘等悬浮物，吸收分解氨气，对病原体产生抑制作用；根据除湿机制调控湿度，保证空气质量，并对温度有一定的微调控；最后使用CFD模拟仿真高压脉冲电场对气溶胶的调控，从而达到减少危害的效果。. 本项目有两个拓展研究，其中猪只智能养殖系统由嵌入式处理器、RGB摄像头、激光雷达等部分组成。采用多模态融合技术，将机器视觉、激光雷达、神经网络等进行有效融合，利用其处理时间短和人力财力消耗低的优点，对猪只进行实时监测，实现猪只高质量、智能化养殖。系统分机器视觉、激光雷达、长短时记忆神经网络三个部分。. 碳水足迹计算系统根据动植物生长发育过程中产生不同的碳水足迹，将其与计算机技术相结合，以此为依据实现畜禽的精确饲养和植物的精准化种植，找到最优碳水资源利用值，同时满足市场或应用需求。系统分为三个部分：植物水足迹计算模拟系统、动物水足迹模拟系统和碳足迹计算系统。将水足迹和碳足迹的各项数据汇总到碳水足迹计算系统中，形成一个完整的闭环运行系统。. 本项目资助发表论文34篇；培养博士1名，硕士7名，均已获得博硕士学位；项目资助研发实用新型专利1项；项目投入经费60.0000万元，支出58.7076万元，支出与预算基本相符。