瘤大蚜族与寄主植物关系的演化——基于系统发育关系重建

The evolutionary relationship between aphids and host plants has been being the hotspot in the research of evolutionary biology. The tribe Tuberolachnini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a clade of extraordinary aphids with strong host specialization and highly specialized feeding sites. It is an ideal model to study the evolutionary relationship between aphids and host plants. At present, the taxonomy of Tuberolachnini is relatively weak, and few studies have explored its phylogenetic relationships. However, a comprehensive phylogenetic relationship is the basis for the study on the relationship between Tuberolachnini and host plants. This project intends to investigate the evolution between Tuberolachnini and host plants based on taxonomy and molecular systematic. The main goals of this project are to identify, describe and classify the specimens of Tuberolachnini species, to describe the species diversity, to reconstruct the phylogenetic framework and clarify the phylogenetic relationships of major taxa, and to analyse the evolutionary relationship among aphids, host plants and the feeding sites. Reconstruction of the phylogeny to study the evolutionary history between aphids and host plants is very valuable. It is not only the need to explore the evolution of aphids, but also the key to study the biodiversity and speciation in insect communities. It is very helpful to understanding the evolution of phytophagous insect and host plants.

蚜虫与寄主植物的演化关系是进化生物学研究的热点。瘤大蚜族是一类具有强烈寄主专化和高度取食部位特化的蚜虫类群，是研究蚜虫与寄主植物演化问题的理想模型。目前针对瘤大蚜族的分类学研究比较薄弱，该族内容的系统发育关系尚未得到全面清晰的解析，然而系统发育关系重建是开展瘤大蚜族与寄主关系研究的基础。项目将基于系统分类和分子系统学方法开展瘤大蚜族与寄主植物的演化研究。鉴定、描述、厘定瘤大蚜族物种，描记该族蚜虫物种多样性；重建客观的瘤大蚜族系统发育框架，澄清主要类群的系统发育关系；基于瘤大蚜族系统发育关系框架，解析瘤大蚜族与寄主植物及取食部位的演化规律。本研究基于系统发育关系重建客观的蚜虫与寄主植物演化历史，不仅是探究蚜虫演化、追溯蚜虫进化历史的需要，也是深入开展昆虫类群生物多样性及物种成种研究的关键，对于理解蚜虫类及植食性昆虫与寄主植物的演化具有非常重要的意义。