煤气化化学反应内部不可逆损失机理与热化学回热气化方法

Reducing exergy destruction of coal gasification and efficient utilization of syngas sensible heat are the key to improve cold gas efficiency. Traditional research can only give a lumped exergy destruction of coal gasification, or further give the distributions of exergy destruction of reactants heating and chemical reactions. The internal mechanism of exergy destruction of coal gasification is still black box. The project aims to further explore the internal mechanism of exergy destruction of chemical reactions, the role of reaction paths in total exergy destruction, and the interaction between branch reactions. And based on this, the principle and method for reducing exergy destruction of coal gasification reactions will be sumarrized and developed. The new designed paths of gasification reaction will be combined with thermochemical regenerative method to further improve cold gas efficiency. The energy level upgrade and cold gas efficiency enhancement mechanism will be further investigated. Experimental platform will be setup to validate key parameters. Novel power generation, chemical production and polygeneration systems based on the new gasification method will be integrated. Cold gas efficiency of the proposed novel gasification method is expected to be 6-8 percentages higher than SHELL gasifcation. And the power efficiency of the new gasification based IGCC will be 4-5 percentages higher.

减小气化不可逆损失和高效利用合成气显热是提高气化冷煤气效率的关键。传统的研究只能指出气化总不可逆损失的大小，或者仅能够指出气化反应物加热、气化总反应不可逆损失的分布比例，气化不可逆损失机理仍然是“黑箱”的。本项目拟进一步探索煤气化反应内部不可逆损失机理，弄清反应路径对总反应不可逆损失的贡献机制，以及分反应不可逆损失之间的相互作用和影响，并在此基础上提出减小气化反应不可逆损失的原则和方法。在设计气化反应新路径的同时，结合合成气显热热化学回收技术，进一步开展冷煤气效率及显热品位提升机理、实验验证及相关发电/化工及多联产系统集成开拓，旨在提出能够大幅提升气化冷煤气效率的机制和方法。所提出的新型气化技术预期冷煤气效率比传统壳牌（约80%）提高6~8个百分点，基于该气化技术的IGCC发电系统比传统IGCC系统发电效率高约4~5个百分点。

煤炭的高效低碳利用是实现“双碳”目标的重要研究方向，针对传统煤气化过程效率提升潜力，本项目提出了图像用分析和反应动力学相结合的热力学分析方法，揭示了煤气化反应内部的不可逆损失机制以及分反应对总反应不可逆损失的贡献。提出了利用合成气显热进行热化学回热的新型气化方法，并开展了相关实验研究。研究表明，新气化方法的冷煤气效率达到91.1%，比传统壳牌（约80%）提高11.1个百分点。基于热化学回热型气化方法，集成了IGCC发电系统、甲烷制取系统及多联产系统，其中IGCC发电效率高达51.8%，比传统基于水煤浆气化的IGCC发电效率高6.6个百分点。.依托于上述研究成果，标注该基金的SCI论文9篇（其中基金委项目第一标注为8篇），EI论文1篇。本研究所取得的进展对指导煤气化效率的提高具有重要的意义，同时对减少煤炭转化利用过程的CO2捕集能耗也起到了一定的指导作用。