山杏油脂特性地理变异对环境因子的响应及其适宜性评价

The development of biomass energy is an effective way to settle the global energy and environmental crisis. With woody oil plants prunus sibirica as biodiesel feedstock, development of eco-energy forest has a great advantage. In the previous studies, we have found that the difference of oil content and fatty acid composition of prunus sibirica was very apparent among different geographical provenance, due to the different environmental conditions. In this work, we will collect mature prunus sibirica seed samples and environmental factors in different geographical provenance on a large scale. The key environmental factors which affect oil properties variation of geographical provenance and the relationship with the environmental factors will be analyzed. Supplemented by geographic provenance trial, the response mechanism of prunus sibirica oil properties variation to environmental factors was discussed. Meanwhile, selecting prunus sibirica seed oil properties as index and combining with geographic information system advanced means, the habitat suitability quantitative evaluation will carry out in China. The prunus sibirica ecological energy forest suitability map and marginal land utilization plan will be drawn. Those works will contribute to not only improving the yield and quality of prunus sibirica oil by cultural environment and expanding exploitation and utilization area, but also providing the sustainable development theory foundation of prunus sibirica ecological energy forest.

开发生物质能源是解决全球能源和环境两大焦点问题的有效途径之一。以木本油料植物山杏作为生物柴油原料，发展生态能源林，在我国具有较强优势。前期研究发现，选择生物柴油原料最重要的油脂特性因素—油脂含量和脂肪酸组成，在山杏不同地理种源间差异悬殊，这正是由于不同地理种源的不同环境条件直接或间接造成的。本项目突破以往设置有限试验点的研究手段，以前期山杏资源全面调查为基础，在全部分布区域内合理布置采样点，采集大量成熟种子样品，分析影响其地理种源间油脂特性变异的关键环境因子以及与产地环境因子的关系，辅以地理种源试验，进而探讨油脂特性的变异对环境因子的响应机制。同时，选取山杏种子油脂特性为指标, 结合GIS分析技术, 对我国山杏生境适宜性进行量化评价，绘制边际土地适宜性分布图。这些研究成果不仅为选择栽培环境来提高山杏油脂含量和品质，而且为合理利用边际土地提供理论依据，将有利于我国山杏生态能源林的可持续发展。

挖掘新型木本油料植物是解决粮食与能源争地的有效途径之一。以木本油料植物山杏作为生物柴油原料，发展生态能源林，在我国具有较强优势。本项目突破以往设置有限试验点的研究手段，合理布置采样点，大尺度的采集不同地理种源种子样品，分析了影响其地理种源间油脂特性变异的关键环境因子以及与产地环境因子的关系，发现海拔、一月均温、七月均温、年降水量、无霜期、＞10℃积温、有机质、磷等8个环境因子与山杏的油脂含量、油酸及亚油酸含量是影响山杏油脂特性的关键性环境因子。同时结合GIS分析技术, 对我国山杏生境适宜性进行量化评价，绘制了边际土地适宜性分布图。这些研究成果不仅为选择栽培环境来提高山杏油脂含量和品质，而且为合理利用边际土地提供理论依据，将有利于我国山杏生态能源林的可持续发展。