医用壳聚糖/壳寡糖分子结构调控技术及其理化过程研究

Chitin is the second largest biomass resources on the earth and its derivatives such as chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have been widely used in medicine, agriculture, environmental protection and other industries. Targeting the present issues such as uncontrollability to polymerization degree, acetylation degree and acetylated sites, and severe pollution, we put forward a new preparation idea: acid degradation, deacetylation and further enzymatic degradation. In this project, the comprehensive studies will be carried out on the conformation evolution of chitin swelling/dissolving/degradation, the uniform deacetylation kinetics, the accurate enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan with low molecular weight, the precise purification and characterization of differential types of COS. Based on the above newly-established technologies, we will get insight into the structural regulation mechanism and precise separation of chitin, chitosan and COS occurring in the whole preparation process, which will lay solid foundation for chitin dissolving/degradation by use of microwave heating associated with stress field, uniform deacetylation of chitosan with low molecular weight, accurate enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan and precise separation of COS. It is highly possible that this project will investigate the precise preparation of chitosan/COS products, significantly reduce the amount of industry waste, realize the clean production, and promote the upgrading and development of chitin industry in Liaoning province.

甲壳素是地球上第二大生物质资源，其衍生产品壳聚糖/壳寡糖被广泛应用于医药、农业及环保等领域。针对壳聚糖/壳寡糖传统制备工艺存在的聚合度、乙酰度、乙酰化位点控制难及污染严重等问题，结合前期研究基础，本项目提出“先酸降、后脱、再酶降”的新思路，并从甲壳素在溶胀/溶解/降解过程中的构象演化、匀相脱乙酰动力学、低分子壳聚糖精准酶切的实现方法以及差异化壳寡糖的精准纯化与表征等四个方面着手，开展系统研究，揭示从甲壳素溶解到可控聚合度、脱乙酰度及乙酰化位点低分子壳聚糖/壳寡糖制备过程中的分子结构调控机制和差异化壳寡糖精准分离原理，为形成以应力场与微波场双场强化甲壳素溶解/降解、低分子甲壳素匀相脱乙酰、壳聚糖精确酶切和分离为核心的全新技术流程奠定科学基础。本项目预期目标的实现，将为实现低分子壳聚糖/差异化壳寡糖的精准制备，大幅度降低废液生成量，显著提高清洁生产水平，推动辽宁甲壳素产业转型升级提供技术支撑。

甲壳素是地球上第二大生物质资源，其衍生产品壳聚糖/壳寡糖被广泛应用于医药、农业及环保等领域。针对壳聚糖/壳寡糖传统制备工艺存在的聚合度、乙酰度、乙酰化位点控制难及污染严重等问题，结合前期研究基础，本项目提出“先酸降、后脱、再酶降”的新思路，并从甲壳素在溶胀/溶解/降解过程中的构象演化、匀相脱乙酰动力学、低分子壳聚糖精准酶切的实现方法以及差异化壳寡糖的精准纯化与表征等四个方面着手，开展系统研究，揭示从甲壳素溶解到可控聚合度、脱乙酰度及乙酰化位点低分子壳聚糖/壳寡糖制备过程中的分子结构调控机制和差异化壳寡糖精准分离原理，为形成以应力场与微波场双场强化甲壳素溶解/降解、低分子甲壳素匀相脱乙酰、壳聚糖精确酶切和分离为核心的全新技术流程奠定科学基础。通过本项目研究，发现了低分子甲壳素制备与分子量调控的机理，确定了工艺参数，建立了特异性高效酶类制备结构特定壳寡糖的工艺路线，明确了特定酶与乙酰化识别位点、产物结构特征之间的规律，并基于结构差异特征，开发了新型色谱分离材料，实现复杂结构壳寡糖同分异构体组分分离，并对不同结构的壳聚糖壳寡糖的促进伤口愈合等活性规律开展了研究。基于上述研究突破了规模化制备聚合度、脱乙酰度及乙酰化位点可控的低分子壳聚糖/差异化壳寡糖关键技术瓶颈，助力解决传统壳聚糖/壳寡糖生产中存在的高成本、高污染问题。