耦合地理要素时空变化的地理过程动态建模研究——以苏锡常地区孔隙含水层系统为例

Accurately depicting the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of geographic object’s internal properties to construct dynamic models for geographic mechanism process is one of the hot spots in the geographical research regions. Based on the analysis of spatial characteristics and changes mechanisms of geographical phenomena, the spatio-temporal coupling analysis between geographic factors is conducted in this project. And the spatial variability characteristics mainly focus on heterogeneity, anisotropy, gradual or abrupt changes of the model parameters, the temporal change refers to the dynamical process based on the geographical analysis. Then, the anisotropic spatial variation function can be established and spatio-temporal structure of internal properties (model simulation parameters) can be extracted. Thus, the mathematical expression model will be constructed, which can serve the model parameter optimization configuration. For the dynamic modeling, the changes of boundary condition, internal constraints and grographic features should be considered. And the function model of mesh deformation will be designed to realize the gradual change or reconstruction of spatial discrete mesh during the model simulation process. Thus, the multi-factors spatio-temporal coupling discrete method is achieved, which can provide the dynamic discrete units for model simulation. By the study on data conversion mechanism and mesh adjustment mechanism of model simulation, adaptive dynamic geographical simulation can be realized. The comprehensive validation can be implemented by the dynamic coupling simulation of groundwater flow and land subsidence. This study can provide new methods for geographic process simulation, which include parameters optimized configuration, spatial discretization and dynamic modeling. And the research findings have considerable potential to promote the development of geographical modeling, analysis and computation.

准确刻画地理对象内部属性的时空变异特征，实现地理过程的动态建模是地理研究关注的热点。本研究在地理对象空间特征与多要素间时空耦合变化机理分析的基础上，构建内部属性（模型模拟参数）时空结构提取与表达数学模型，为模型模拟参数优化配置提供数据支撑；针对地理现象演化过程中的边界条件改变、参数演变等动态问题，研究多要素时空耦合的三维动态空间离散方法，为模型模拟提供动态离散单元；结合模型模拟数据转换机制与网格调整机制的研究，实现地理过程的自适应模拟，并应用地下水流与地面沉降耦合的动态建模开展综合验证。本研究是地理过程模拟参数的优化配置、空间离散与动态建模方法的尝试与突破，从而全面提升对地理过程的建模、分析与计算能力。

当前，地理过程模型模拟经常采用先离散后模拟的方法，在模拟过程中空间离散主要体现模拟空间的几何形态特征，对内部属性空间变异性考虑不足；而且地理模拟网格往往是静态的，难以准确刻画边界条件与约束条件的改变；对模拟参数时间差异性等动态问题无法准确表达。因此，准确刻画地理对象内部属性的时空变异特征，实现地理过程的动态建模是地理研究关注的热点问题。本研究即针对地理过程模型模拟参数的非均质性、各向异性、渐变与突变等空间变异问题，首先考虑地理属性数据与模拟参数的时空关联特征，研究其空间变异性与内在耦合机理，并开展综合验证分析；该研究可揭示地理属性的空间变化，为地理模型提供数据支撑。其次，针对边界条件改变、内部约束条件改变、参数演变等动态问题，通过设计地理对象几何与属性的约束与映射机制，构建了模型模拟多维动态空间离散网格；该研究可实现地理对象的多维表达，可满足地理过程模型模拟的多维网格需求，可为地理对象模型构建与模拟提供空间离散的理论与方法。然后，针对模型数据与模拟参数的动态变化与空间化问题，项目开展了模拟参数数据组织方法、自适应配置与数据转换机制的研究；该研究可为地理模型自适应模拟提供技术与方法支撑。最后，项目应用地下水与地面沉降模拟模型为具体案例，对基于动态网格的模型模拟展开综合验证；该研究可为地下水资源评价，地面沉降监控防治等问题提供理论依据。通过本项目的研究，可为地理过程动态建模提供参数配置、空间离散与自适应模拟的理论与方法，提升地理过程建模、分析与计算能力。