基于微波光子的雷达/通信一体化信号产生和处理研究

Joint radar and communication has become the trend of integrated electronic information system. Using one signal with high frequency and broad bandwidth to simultaneously achieve object detection and information transmission based on microwave photonics technology, can significantly simplifying equipment structure, avoiding inter-system interference, and improving fighting capacity. Dealing with the design of radar and communication integration, we propose a mechanism for microwave photonics generation and processing of integrated signal based on combination of linearly frequency modulation (LFM) and differential phase shift keying (DPSK). In the transmitter, the dual-radio frequency electro-optic modulation model will be established, and the microwave photonics frequency multiplication will be employed to promoting frequency and increasing bandwidth of the LFM signal. Then, the dual-wavelengths electro-optic modulation will be utilized to achieving phase manipulation of the LFM signal based on orthogonal polarization modulation technique, and an LFM-DPSK signal with high frequency and broad bandwidth will be obtained. In the receiver, the radar reflection waveform and partner communication signal will be independently received. After that, the reflection signal will be optically de-chirped and the communication signal will be optically differential coherence demodulated based on polarization multiplexing and de-multiplexing techniques. The integrated signal will be generated together and processing independently in optical domain. An experimental demonstration will be explored to verifying the proposed scheme. Generation and processing of an integrated signal with frequency at Ka band, bandwidth larger than 5 GHz, and communication speed higher than 100 kbit/s is expected. The achievements of the project will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the research and development of next generation high performance radar, covert wireless communication integrated systems.

雷达/通信一体化是未来综合电子信息系统的发展趋势之一。基于微波光子技术，共享一个高频宽带信号同步进行实时目标探测和隐蔽信息传递，可以有效简化装备系统、避免相互干扰、提升作战能力。本项目针对雷达/通信一体化设计问题，探索基于线性调频（LFM）和差分相移键控（DPSK）相结合的高频宽带一体化信号微波光子产生、处理机制和方法。发射端，利用微波光子倍频，基于双射频电光调制模型，对LFM信号进行载频提升和带宽扩展；利用双波长光信号电光调制，基于正交偏振调制技术，对LFM信号进行光域相位操控，产生高频宽带LFM-DPSK信号。接收端，在雷达探测回波和对端通信信号分离接收的基础上，基于偏振复用/解复用技术，对回波信号进行光域去斜处理，对通信信号进行光域差分相干解调，实现一体化信号的光域同步产生和异步处理。本项目的研究成果可为下一代高性能雷达/隐蔽通信集成研发提供理论基础和技术支撑。

项目面向雷达通信一体化应用，基于微波光子技术，针对共享信号波形设计、信号产生和处理问题开展研究。.项目系统总结了现有一体化波形技术特点，分析了LFM信号在一体化系统中的技术优势和应用潜力。.在此基础上，针对PSK-LFM一体化信号产生和处理存在的电瓶颈问题，设计了基于DPQPSKM的一体化信号光学产生方法，获得了二倍频PSK-LFM波形，系统简单紧凑、参数调谐方便；提出了基于偏振光信号提取的雷达信号光域去斜处理和通信信号光域相干解调方法，简化接收机结构、提升处理实时性；分析验证了基于M序列调制的PSK-LFM信号对脉冲压缩雷达探测功能的提升作用，通过相关处理，可以将雷达作用范围扩展N倍（N为序列长度）；提出了脉内调制结合相移控制对雷达通信联合性能进行改善的方法，脉内调制可以提升PSK-LFM信号的信息传输速率，减小相移可以补偿高速通信调制对雷达去斜性能的影响。.接着，针对特殊应用场景对LFM一体化信号波形捷变性能的要求，提出基于双调制器级联的LFM一体化信号产生方法，可以产生载波上变频、带宽二倍频、波形可重构的ASK或PSK-LFM信号。进一步，设计了基于单调制器结合电滤波处理的多格式可重构LFM信号产生方法，可以灵活产生FSK、PSK、双波段PSK或FSK+PSK复合调制的LFM一体化信号，系统具有很好的波形可重构性能，从而扩展一体化系统应用范围。.最后，针对一体化系统己方雷达回波和对端通信信号的分离问题，设计了基于电磁波极化复用的双功能分离方法，对系统工作过程进行建模，分析了极化失配对系统性能的影响。