新型石墨相氮化碳纳米管基复合材料的构建及光催化性能研究

Because g-C3N4 has some disadvantages such as low specific surface area, low photo-generated electron-hole loading rate and wide band gap, a new type of g-C3N4 nanotubes were constructed with one-dimensional electrospun carbon fiber or inorganic metal oxide fiber as a precursor template material, in order to improve the comprehensive performance of g-C3N4 material. And metal sulfide semiconductor material was introduced on the surface of g-C3N4 nanotubes to enhance its performance and prepare a high efficiency Composite photocatalytic material with new structure. The modification of sulfide semiconductor materials could improve the utilization ratio of visible light and inhibit the recombination of electrons and holes. While the introduction of hollow carbon nanotubes with high specific surface area could make the composite materials have strong adsorption, good electron transport, cycle performance and other characteristics in one, so as to effectively enhance its overall performance. The intrinsic relationship between the composition and structure of the composite catalyst and the catalytic performance was explored. The catalytic reaction was studied and the mechanism of the catalytic reaction was revealed, in order to provide a scientific basis for the design, development and application of the new generation of composite photocatalytic materials with high activity and high stability.

针对石墨相氮化碳材料比表面积低、光生电子-空穴负荷率高、和禁带较宽等缺点，本项目以提升g-C3N4材料的综合性能为研究目标，提出以一维电纺碳纤维或无机金属氧化物纤维为前驱体模板材料，构建新型结构的石墨相氮化碳纳米管；并将金属硫化物半导体材料引入至石墨相氮化碳纳米管表面提升其性能，制备一种新型结构的高效复合型光催化材料。硫化物半导体材料的改性可以提升可见光利用率、抑制电子-空穴的复合，而高比表面积的中空结构石墨相氮化碳纳米管的引入可以使复合材料集强吸附性、电子传输优良、循环性能优异等特性于一体，从而有效的提升其综合性能。探索复合催化剂组成、结构与催化性能的内在联系；研究催化反应规律，揭示催化反应机理。为促进新一代高活性、高稳定性的新型复合光催化材料的设计、开发和应用提供科学依据。

目前，环境污染和能源危机的是全球所面临的两大难题，直接威胁到人类的可持续生存发展。光催化技术可以利用太阳能实现清洁能源的生产和治理环境污染，已经成为人们关注和研究的焦点。光催化技术的核心是开发和设计新型高效的光催化剂，石墨相氮化碳 (g-C3N4) 由于出众的性能已成为光催化领域中研究的焦点，但是传统的粉体g-C3N4在实际应用中存在光生电子和空穴复合率高，比表面积低和禁带宽等弊端，这是研究者普遍关注和亟待解决的难题。.本项目在国家自然科学基金的支持下，围绕既定的研究目标开展工作，利用静电纺丝技术结合高温碳化、气相沉积等过程获得g-C3N4/CNFs复合纤维和g-C3N4纳米管，进一步通过水热过程获得Ag2S@g-C3N4/CNFs，ZnS@g-C3N4/CNFs，g-C3N4/CdS，g-C3N4-MoS2/CNFs等系列复合光催化材料。研究表明，该类材料在 可见光条件下可以有效的降解甲基橙、罗丹明B等有机物，复合催化剂也展现出较好光分解水制氢性能。分析表明，硫化物半导体材料的改性可以提升可见光利用率、抑制电子-空穴的复合，而高比表面积的中空结构石墨相氮化碳纳米管的引入可以使复合材料集强吸附性、电子传输优良、循环性能优异等特性于一体，从而促使其性能的提升。本项目的顺利实施，为促进新一代高活性、高稳定性的新型复合光催化材料的设计、开发和应用提供了新的思路和数据支撑。.在国家自然科学基金的资助下，本项目完成了计划任务书中所涉及的研究内容，并有所拓展，发表SCI收录的论文13篇，申请发明专利1项，较好的完成了计划任务。