栽培远志质量形成限制因子及质量追溯系统构建研究

Polygala tenuifolia Willd. is a traditional Chinese export medicinal material, and was cultivated in field on 1990 or so. The project is studied on quality restriction factors of P. tenuifolia during the planting period, and it has five parts: ① The quality factors of P. tenuifolia are characterized by marker component, finger-print chromatogram and biopotency, and their membership function and weight are established by fuzzy mathematics and the analytic hierarchy process respectively, and on that basis, the quality comprehensive evaluation model is set up; ② The quality restriction factors are selected from 45 environment and cultivation factors by correlation and principal component analysis, and these factors effect is revealed by canonical correlation and path analysis, and then the quality niche fitness model is established to show P. tenuifolia quality forming environment and cultivation mechanism; ③Based on molecular phylogeography coalescent theory, P. tenuifolia different populations haplotype nesting network map is established, and with this map, their phylogeography relationship can be analyzed, then P. tenuifolia quality forming genetic mechanism is deduced; ④The selected environment, cultivation and gene factors are combined, and the regression equation is built to show P. tenuifolia quality restriction factors contribution rate ⑤ Based on above restriction factors, the traceability system on the cultivated P. tenuifolia is established. This study can remedy the shortage of laying much more stress on the harvest than the quality, and provide the evidence of quality management during the planting period of P. tenuifolia, and overcome the technical barriers to trade in the export market of P. tenuifolia.

远志是我国传统出口药材，1990年左右开始大田栽培，本项目针对栽培远志质量形成限制因子开展研究，分五部分：①以指标成分、指纹图谱、生物效价为质量因子，应用模糊数学建立远志质量隶属函数，采用层次分析法确定各质量因子权重，构建远志质量综合评价模型；②选择45个栽培与环境因子，采用相关分析与主成分分析筛选远志质量形成限制因子，以典型相关分析与通径分析揭示这些因子作用效应，构建远志质量形成生态位适宜度数学模型，揭示栽培远志质量形成栽培与环境机制；③采用分子谱系地理学溯祖理论构建远志不同栽培居群单倍型嵌套式网络图，分析不同居群谱系地理关系，揭示远志质量形成遗传机制；④将栽培、环境与遗传因子相结合，建立回归方程，确定栽培远志质量形成限制因子贡献率；⑤基于上述限制因子构建栽培远志质量形成追溯系统。开展该项研究，能够弥补远志栽培重产量轻质量的不足，使远志栽培过程质量管理有据可依，克服远志出口技术壁垒。

上世纪90年代远志野生变家栽引种成功，在部分省区开始规模化种植，积累了许多栽培经验，但问题不少，主要有三方面：（1）重产量轻质量；（2）栽培技术水平低；（3）种质资源混乱。这种远志生产的混乱局面主要是由远志引种栽培时间短、对远志质量形成限制因子不了解所致。本项目选择指标成分、指纹图谱、生物效价等26个质量因子，应用模糊数学与层次分析法原理建立了远志质量综合评价模型。选择气候、土壤、地形与耕作共计 211个指标，采用相关分析、主成分分析、典型相关分析与通径分析等方法筛选出影响远志质量形成的47个关键环境与栽培指标，在此基础上构建了远志质量形成生态位适宜度数学模型，并用此模型对远志生境与栽培技术进行了综合评价。本研究还克隆了远志ITS与trnH-psbA基因，以这2个实验为基础研究了遗传距离与27个远志质量因子的相关性，结果表明基于ITS基因的遗传距离与远志安神生物效价值显著相关。将远志生态位适宜度值与遗传距离相结合进行回归分析，结果显示土壤因子对远志安神生物效价值的影响要高于基于ITS基因的遗传效应。在上述远志质量形成限制因子研究基础上，开发了“远志栽培全程质量管理与预警系统”软件，该软件可用于远志栽培管理与质量追溯。