微米尺度超润滑载荷独立性行为研究

Friction and wear is one of the major scientific and technical challenges, which are closely related to energy dissipation and environment pollution. ”Superlubricity” is a concept proposed by Hirano in 1990 as a sliding state with almost zero friction and wear. Since then in over 20 years superlubricty was only observed in nanoscale, ultra high vacuum and μm/s low sliding velocity and whether it had been doubted would be realistic in micro or larger scale. In three papers published in PRL and Nature Nanotechnology in 2012 and 2013, Quanshui Zheng and coworkers reported their observations of micrometer to centimeter scales superlubricity in air condition with speeds up to m/s. These works were reviewed as “a big advance beyond the nanometer-scale superlubricity experiments and it could lead to implementing superlubricity”. However there are barely works on the influence of normal pressure to superlubricity. This present project aims to systematically study the mechanism of normal pressure on superlubricity through experimental and theoretical methods. The target is to find new phenomena and reveal their mechanisms, develop specific experimental equipments, and established the foundation of superlubricity with accounting normal pressure.

摩擦和磨损是人类长期面对的重大科学和技术挑战之一，造成巨大的能量浪费、环境污染和寿命折减。Hirano等人于1990年提出有可能在非公度接触晶面间实现“零”摩擦，称为结构超滑。然而，20年多年过去了，人们仅在纳米尺度、超高真空、微米/秒速度的苛刻条件下实验观察到了石墨晶面间的结构超滑，且怀疑能否突破这些限制。郑泉水等人于2012和2013年在PRL及Nature Nanotech上发表了3篇论文，实现了从微米到厘米尺度、大气环境下、米/秒速度的结构超滑，被国际评价为：“这是超滑现象超越纳米尺度所迈出的一大步；可导致超滑领域甚至更一般性的控制摩擦特性研究的突破性进展；开启了新方向。”但正压力对结构超滑有何影响，至今只有极少的报道。本项目拟开展对这个方面的系统、深入的实验和理论研究，目标是发现与结构超滑相关的独特新现象、揭示有关机理、开发出相应的实验仪器装备、初步建立起一套完整的正压力下结构超滑理论体系。

摩擦与磨损是在科学与工业领域都十分重要的问题，微米尺度超滑现象具有实现“零”摩擦、“零”磨损的能力，因而具有重要意义。在影响超滑的若干因素中，研究正压力对摩擦的影响不仅具有基本的理论意义，也是超滑走向工业应用的基础。本项目将在实验和理论上研究微米尺度超滑的载荷依赖性及其机理，同时研究微米尺度超滑在有载荷条件下展示出的新现象。.主要研究内容包括：针对微米尺度超滑研究的实验手段开发；微米超滑接触的摩擦力与正压力关系的系统性研究；微米超滑接触在大载荷条件下的力学失稳现象研究。