过渡金属氧化物修饰全组份木质炭气凝胶复合电极材料的制备及其储能机理的研究

Supercapacitors have become a new green energy storage device with high efficiency and safety, and the electrode material is the key factor for low cost and high performance supercapacitors. In the project, wood based biomass resources as the main raw materials, the electrode material with high efficiency and low cost were prepared from using mixed transition metal oxide with inorganic nano array assembling on the surface of of liquefied wood carbon aerogel material by hydrothermal deposition. The project will mainly research on the preparation and forming mechanism of organic aerogel materials from full component wood precursor; explore the regulation mechanism of hierarchical pore structure of carbon aerogel from full component wood precursor; establish the preparation technology system of mixed transition metal oxide modified carbon aerogel from full component wooden composite electrode materials; and form the electrical energy storage mechanism of multicomponent electrode materials based on carbon aerogels from full component wood. The research improves the utilization and added value of biomass resources, broadens the application fields and the types of biomass carbon materials, enhance the service life and storage capacity of supercapacitors due to composite electrode material prepared with dual advantages of electric double layer capacitor and pseudo capacitor, and also provide the theoretical foundation and scientific basis for the research and functionalizational application of biomass carbon materials and its application in supercapacitor.

超级电容器已成为新型绿色高效安全的能源存储器件，而电极材料是开发低成本高性能超级电容器的关键因素。本课题提出以木材等生物质资源为主要原料，通过水热-沉积工艺将混合过渡金属氧化物以无机纳米阵列形式组装在全组份木质炭气凝胶材料表面，以制备出高效稳定低成本的超级电容器复合电极材料。课题将系统的研究全组份木质有机气凝胶材料的制备及成型机理；探究全组份木质炭气凝胶材料多级孔结构的调控机制；建立混合过渡金属氧化物修饰全组份木质炭气凝胶复合电极材料的制备工艺体系；构建全组份木质炭气凝胶多元组份电极材料的导电储能机制。课题的研究将有助于提高生物质资源的利用率及附加值，开拓和丰富了生物质炭材料的种类和应用途径，而且制备的复合电极材料具有双电层电容器和赝电容器的双重优势，增强了超级电容器的使用寿命和储电能力，也为功能化生物质炭材料研究及其在超级电容器方面的应用提供理论基础和科学依据。

全球经济的快速发展，化石原料的不断耗尽和日益严重的环境问题，高效、清洁和可持续的超级电容器及其元器件的发开成为热点。电极材料作为衡量超级电容器性能的重要指标，直接影响着超级电容器的性能。项目以高比表面积、分级多孔结构的全组份木质碳气凝胶组装纳米阵列混合过渡金属氧化物，通过元素共掺杂、化学共沉淀、原位生长等技术实现了导电高分子、双金属及杂元素/全组份木质碳气凝胶储能复合电极材料的制备。项目主要研究了全组份木质气凝胶弹性材料的制备及结构性能；高比表面积、分级多孔结构的全组份木质碳气凝胶的制备与表征；高比表面积的全组份木质中空微纳米碳球的制备及电化学性能；高分子导电聚合物（PPy、PANI）负载全组份木质碳气凝胶材料及其电化学性质；β-NiS微纳米球原位合成全组份木质碳气凝胶复合材料及电化学性能；Co、Ni、S共掺杂全组份木质碳气凝胶复合材料及电化学性能。项目集合了木材液化物技术、生物质碳气凝胶制备技术、掺杂原位生长技术等多个的基础研究理论，成功获得比电容高、循环稳定性良好、能量密度和功率密度优异、具备双层电容器与赝电容有机结构的木质碳气凝胶复合材料，为功能化木质碳气凝胶材料的研究以及生物质资源制备复合电极材料方面提供强有力的理论基础和技术支撑。