高速远程泥石流的运动加速机理和冲淤堆积特性研究

The current research sets out to establish an understanding of the mobilization and deposition mechanisms of long runout landslides via physical model tests and numerical simulations, aiming to clarify the complex mechanical process of a multiphase system. The physical model tests employ a landside flume model, based on which, the governing parameters of landslide mobilization and depositional morphology can be identified. In this research, a multiphase numerical model of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been proposed. Based on this coupling model, the dynamic evolution of solid and fluid materials during landslides can be analyzed from the micro and macro perspectives, focusing mainly on the characteristics of multiphase interaction, the destructive power of landslides on geo-structures, the distribution and evolution of pore water pressures. In addition, the DEM-CFD coupled simulations will also clarify the influence of water on the mobilization, the erosion and deposition characteristics of landslides. Consequently, landslide warning systems and land utilization regulations can be implemented, so that the loss of lives and properties can be minimized without investing in long-term, costly projects of ground stabilization. This research on landslides will provide useful insights into hazard assessments, which has great significance in scientific research and engineering practice.

本研究课题针对高速远程泥石流研究中的“运动加速机理”和“冲淤堆积特性”这两个关键科学问题，综合应用室内模型试验和数值模拟方法，对该类灾害过程中涉及到的固液气三相物质体系及其复杂的力学过程进行研究。通过泥石流的室内水槽模型试验，提出控制其运动加速过程和冲淤堆积特性的定量化参数，并建立相应的力学模型。基于多相流耦合理论从宏微观层面分析岩土体和流体混合物在泥石流运动加速和冲淤堆积过程中的动力演化特征，重点关注多孔、多相介质的相互作用机理，分析其宏微观力学响应，揭示流体对泥石流运动的加速效应、滑动面的冲刷侵蚀以及冲淤堆积规模和距离的影响。研究得到的模型和参数可为山区泥石流灾害风险分析、预警与防治提供理论依据，具有较高的科学研究意义和工程实用价值。

本研究课题针对高速远程泥石流的“运动加速”和“冲淤堆积”这两个关键问题，综合应用野外考察、室内模型试验和数值模拟方法，对该类灾害过程中涉及到的颗粒物质体系及其复杂的力学过程进行研究。通过泥石流的室内水槽模型试验，提出了岩土体颗粒级配组成对泥石流运动加速过程和冲淤堆积特性的影响，并建立相应的泥石流运动预测模型。基于离散单元分析，从宏微观层面分析岩土体的动态破碎过程、边坡的大变形、滑坡的剪切破坏特性、泥石流全过程的能量演化特征等。同时该研究也分析了泥石流灾害都工程构筑物的冲击破坏性影响，对工程结构设计有一定的指导意义。该研究揭示了岩土体动态破碎对泥石流运动的加速效应、滑动面的动态侵蚀以及泥石流堆积规模和距离的影响。研究得到的模型和参数可为山区泥石流灾害风险分析、预警与防治提供理论依据，具有一定的科学研究意义和工程实用价值。