基于聚合物纳米复合材料的新型全息环境传感装置研究

The environmental quality had made a great impact on the modern life. For protesting the health,a series of instruments were produced to monitor the environmental quality. Among them, the environmental sensor was one of the significant detected instruments. In this application, the novel environmental compatible photopolymers nanocomposites were developed. For monitoring the environmental quality the holographic environmental sensors were fabricated based on the photopolymer, which were sensitive about organic vapors. In preparing processes, the nanozeolite particles were dispersed into acrylate polymer for prepering the environmental sensors. The environmental parameters were characterized and monitored by the effective relations between environmental parameters and holographic gratings.The porous nanozeolite particles dispered the sample can absorb the organic vapros and change the holographic properties of gratings. The organic vapros can be detected by the absorption capacity of nanoparticles.Finally the analyses and measurements of environmental sensor characteristics were completed by analyzing the holographic sensor mechanisms. The research achievement brings about a significant applicability for the cheap and simple environmental quality monitoring and provides scientific basics for exploiting holographic optical elements.

环境质量安全对于人们的生产生活有着重大影响。为保护健康，人们借助多种仪器检测环境质量，其中环境传感器是诸多检测仪器中至关重要的一种。本申请研制新型光致聚合物纳米复合材料，并基于该材料研制对有机蒸汽敏感的全息环境传感器，实现安全、高效的环境质量检测。选用沸石纳米粒子掺杂的丙烯酰胺聚合物系统作为传感器记录介质。利用记录于光致聚合物中全息光栅与环境因素间的有机联系实现对环境参量的表征与检测。将具有高吸附能力的多孔沸石纳米粒子掺杂于聚合物中，通过探测沸石纳米粒子吸附有机蒸汽后导致的光栅全息性能改变，实现对有机蒸汽种类及浓度的检测。项目探索传感机理，通过系统的实验测试完成全息传感器的性能测试与分析。该研究对于实现低价、环保、便捷的环境质量检测有着重要的应用价值，并为聚合物基全息光学装置的研发提供科学依据。

聚合物纳米复合材料全息传感器是一种新型的光学全息传感装置，目前国际上对于该类传感器的研究还处于起步阶段。本项目对传感器的材料制备与传感特征进行了详细的研究，主要内容包括五个方面。第一，将具有吸附能力的纳米沸石掺入丙烯酰胺聚合物，研制出具有高吸附能力的光致聚合物材料，测试并优化了材料的全息性能。第二，研制出两种类型的光学全息传感器：倾斜光栅透射式传感器与反射式传感器。实现了对特定环境因素的定量传感，包括：温度、湿度、有机气体浓度等。实验测试结果表明衍射光强度改变适合标定透射式传感器，衍射谱峰值位置适合标定反射式传感器。第三，依据衍射强度的变化规律证明了纳米沸石粒子的吸附特性，并量化了沸石对折射率调制度的影响程度。第四，通过降低传感材料的厚度，并采用无基底传感方式进行创新，实现了传感器灵敏度的显著提高，其最小浓度间隔为ppm量级，响应时间达到秒数量级。第五，对比不同环境因素的实验数据，证明了吸附传感过程具有单一选择性。项目分析了吸附传感的物理机制，通过理论模型对传感过程进行了数值描述。总结项目的研究成果，发表了多篇SCI论文，并研制成功了对环境敏感的全息传感器，为该装置的实用化奠定了理论与实验基础。