多能场作用下低银含量铅合金电极的可控成形及其电化学性能研究

Pb-1.0%Ag alloy has an irreplaceable position as preferred anode material in wet metallurgy. However, there is an urgent need to find a solution to the problems such as high power loss, poor corrosion resistance, expensive cost of material for it. This project starting from the regulation of the microstructure of low-silver multi-component lead alloy to change the traditional lead electrode preparation and processing methods, so as to improve and enhance the low-silver multi-component alloy electrodes using multi-energy field of Supersonic Grain Refinement during solidification(SGR)and Severe Plastic deformation(SPD).And then, the study on the solidification characteristics, initial crystal genetic characteristics, grain refinement , texture homogenization is carried out based on SGR and SPD, in order to investigate the change rule among the grain size, texture degree, electrode corrosion resistance and electrochemical performance subsequently. Moreover, the effect mechanism and regulation mechanism of grain size, texture changes, electrode slow corrosion and electrochemical performance improvement, and the regulation principle and method of grain size, texture degree of the electrode which corresponds to optimal electrochemical performance, will be obtained. Through the study of this project, the role of the SGR and SPD multi-energy field(sound field, thermal field, force field) to improve the comprehensive performance of the electrode material will be found out, can provide a theoretical and technical foundation for the development of high-performance, low-cost, energy-efficient lead-based alloy anodes.

目前Pb-1.0%Ag合金一直是湿法冶金首选的阳极材料，有着难以替代的地位。但其电能损耗大、耐蚀差、成本高等难题亟需找到解决途径。本项目从低银多元铅合金的组织结构调控入手，改变传统铅电极的制备与加工方式，采用超声波凝固细晶技术与大塑性变形来改性和强化低银多元合金电极，研究超声波对其凝固特性、组织影响和大塑性变形加工中初始晶遗传特性、晶粒细化与组织结构均化等形成机制，探讨晶粒度、织构均化度的改变与电极耐蚀性和电化学性能的变化规律，寻求晶粒度、织构的改变与电极缓腐及电化学性能改善的影响机制与调控机理，建立起工艺条件与其综合性能和织构、晶粒度改变的关系模型，获得在电极综合性能最优时所对应其晶粒度、组织结构均化度的调控原理和方法，以此解决超声波及大塑性变形多能场（声场、热场、力场）对低银铅合金电极材料综合性能提高的作用机理问题，为开发高性能低成本的节能型铅基合金阳极提供理论和技术基础。

本项目从低银铅合金的组织结构调控入手，改变传统铅电极的制备与加工方式，分别采用等通道转角挤压法、大塑形轧制法、超声波、超声波+轧制、冷轧和超声波+冷轧等工艺来改性和强化低银铅合金电极。研究了大塑形轧制法和超声波+轧制法对其凝固特性、组织影响、电极耐蚀性和电化学性能的变化规律；分析了等通道转角挤压法、超声波、冷轧和超声波+冷轧的工艺对低银铅合金电极电化学性能的影响。.结果表明：采用大塑形轧制法处理低银铅合金时，当压下量为40%、退火温度达到160℃时其组织结构和电化学性能达到最佳，相对于铸造法得到合金的晶粒度下降、电阻率下降32.6%、极化电位减少18.36%、槽电压降低28.8%；超声波+轧制法工艺的最佳工艺为超声功率100W、频率20kHz、施振时间1min、溶体温度370℃、压下量20%、退火温度140℃，相对铸造法得到的合金来说，其组织晶粒得到细化，电阻率下降41.8%、极化电位下降13.06%、槽电压降低3.46%；等通道转角挤压法的最佳工艺参数为挤压路径C、6道次挤压；超声波处理法的最佳工艺参数为超声功率100W、频率20kHz、施振时间1min、溶体温度370℃；冷轧法的最佳工艺参数为压下量60%、退火温度140℃、退火时间1h、液氮浸泡时间10min；超声波+冷轧法处理的最佳工艺参数为超声功率100W、频率20kHz、施振时间1min、溶体温度370℃、退火温度为120℃，退火时间为1h，轧制压下量为40%。此结果解决了多能场（声场、热场、力场）对低银铅合金电极材料综合性能提高的作用机理问题，为开发高性能低成本的节能型铅基合金阳极提供理论和技术基础。