番茄渣对围产期奶牛的抗氧化作用及机理研究

Redox homeostasis is maintained by the balance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense syestem in dairy cattle. However, the level of ROS can exceed the antioxidant status of the animal leading to oxidative stress. During the periparturient period, cattle are more susceptible to oxidative stress, which may contribute to an impaired immune function and an enhanced susceptibility to periparturient diseases. In this study, use abundant fresh tomato pomace as feed resources,were studies addition of tomato pomace to total mixed ration on the antioxidant capacity of periparturient cows and periparturient multiple disease prevention treatment effect as the goal,implement ①to investigate how dietary tomato pomace would influence of blood biochemical indices and the effect of milk production in periparturient dairy cattle; ②to investigate how dietary tomato pomace would influence of mastitis and ketosis prevention of periparturient dairy cattle; ③ to investigate how dietary tomato pomace would influence of index of evaluation the antioxidant capacity in periparturient dairy cattle, and comprehensive evaluation the effects feeding of tomato pomace on improve antioxidant capacity and the prevention and curative the multiple disease of periparturient dairy cattle,to provide scientific theory basis for tomato pomace as functional feed utilization.

奶牛氧化还原动态平衡是指保持生产活性氧（ROS）和抗氧化防御系统之间的平衡。然而，ROS水平可以超过动物导致氧化应激和抗氧化状态。ROS 水平可超越动物抗氧化防御能力导致氧化应激。在围产期，奶牛对氧化应激特别敏感，可能促进免疫系统的受损和提高围产病得发生率。本研究利用新疆丰富的新鲜番茄渣饲料资源，以番茄渣添加全混合日粮的饲喂对围产期奶牛的抗氧化能力及围产期多发疾病的预防治疗功效研究为目标，进行①番茄渣添加日粮对围产期奶牛血液生化指标和产奶量的影响；②番茄渣添加日粮对围产期奶牛乳房炎和酮病预防效果研究；③番茄渣添加日粮对围产期奶牛抗氧化能力评价指标的影响等研究，综合评价番茄渣的饲喂对围产期奶牛抗氧化能力的提高以及围产期多发疾病的预防治疗功效，为使番茄渣作为功能性饲料利用提供科学理论依据。

本研究以发酵番茄渣为饲料原料，评价其营养成分及青贮发酵前后的变化；以发酵番茄渣替代奶牛日粮中的部分玉米青贮对采食量、消化率、产奶量、血液性状、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。发酵番茄渣的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量分别为19.3%和16.7%，还含多种维生素。体外消化实验结果，随着发酵番茄渣添加量的增加，奶牛日粮的消化率逐渐增加。奶牛饲喂试验结果，发酵番茄渣以10%的比例（干基）替换玉米青贮的日粮中，显著提高奶牛的干物质采食量、消化率。实验组奶牛的产奶量和乳成分无显著变化，但牛奶的维生素浓度明显升高。实验组日粮可提高分娩前奶牛的总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的浓度，并可提高分娩后血清谷草酰乙酸转氨酶的浓度。奶牛分娩期，实验组牛的抗氧化能力提高，免疫球蛋白IgA、IgG、IgM也升高。实验组牛群的阳性乳房炎发病率显著低于对照组牛群。实验组牛群的血糖和血酮浓度显著降低，未发现酮病阳性牛。总体结果表明，奶牛日粮中添加发酵番茄渣，对围产期奶牛的抗氧化和免疫功能及乳汁性能均有积极的影响。