碳排放约束下考虑消费者低碳意识的企业生产运营决策研究

The operation decision problems considering carbon emission regulations have drawn great attentions from the communities in both practice and academy. However, the customer low-carbon awareness has been ignored in the production and operation research. This project focuses on manufacturers’ decision problems on production and operation with customer low-carbon awareness under emission constraints. Firstly, the impacts of the low-carbon awareness on demands are investigated to formulate the customer demand function, which is a function of carbon footprint and price. The optimal decision strategies are given based on the analysis of analytic models. Secondly, a retailer selection problem is studied based on considering the customer low-carbon awareness and the costs of product distribution and market promotion in different markets. The analytical models and optimal decision strategies are provided to support manufacturers’ decisions. Lastly, a multi-period production planning problem is studied either considering customer low-carbon awareness or not. The decision problems are formulated as deterministic mixed integer programming and stochastic dynamic programming models, respectively. Optimal decision strategies are given based on optimal algorithms as well as the properties and structure of optimal solutions. Practical data is used to test and verify the theoretical results. We expect the project will not only contribute to the literature but also provide practical solutions to the manufacturers’ production and operation decision problems under the low-carbon economy.

碳排放管制下的运营决策问题得到了业界与学界的普遍关注。但是，关于消费者低碳意识对生产运营决策影响的研究还很少。本项目将围绕碳排放约束下考虑消费者低碳意识的企业生产运营决策议题展开研究。首先，通过研究消费者低碳意识对需求的影响，刻画关于产品碳足迹和价格的市场需求函数，构建产品碳足迹设定和定价的解析模型，给出企业的最优决策。接着，分析不同市场的消费者低碳意识以及配送运输和市场推广成本的差异性，研究企业和零售商的博弈过程，构建零售商选择决策的解析模型，给出企业的最优决策。最后，分别研究碳排放约束下不考虑和考虑消费者低碳意识的多期生产计划优化问题，通过确定性整数规划和随机动态规划方法分别对研究问题进行建模，并相应地开发最优求解算法以及给出最优解的结构和性质。本项目将通过实践应用对理论成果进行验证和完善，为低碳经济环境下企业的生产运营决策问题提供具有实践意义的解决方案，同时丰富相关的理论研究。

在绿色发展理念下，以低碳经济为研究背景，本项目围绕“碳排放约束下考虑消费者低碳意识的企业生产运营决策研究”研究议题展开了细致研究。主要研究了消费者环保意识和排放约束对企业生产运作管理决策的影响，并给出了相关最优决策策略及其分析。主要研究内容和成果简述如下：. 通过对碳减排机制的实施模式和特征的分析，刻画了不同形式的碳排放约束；通过研究消费者低碳意识的特点和表现，刻画了消费者低碳意识与市场需求的关系，建立需求分布及其需求函数。接着，运用博弈论、组合优化、智能优化算法等理论与方法，研究了考虑消费者环保意识和排放约束的绿色产品定价问题、绿色产品设计问题、再制造产品的定价与回收问题、供应链配置问题（模式/合作者选择）、两期再制造系统生产计划优化、多期生产计划优化等研究问题。研究结果表明，消费者环保意识对产品的设计和定价有着显著影响，绿色产品因其环境友好性对传统产品形成竞争优势，而且可以促进企业运作的环境可持续性发展；排放约束对供应链模式/合作者的选择以及企业的生产计划有着显著影响，具体表现在生产成本、排放量等方面。. 课题组还对可持续运作管理研究议题进行了拓展研究，主要研究内容有：考虑消费者参照行为的绿色产品设计与定价问题、基于口碑营销的绿色产品定价问题、绿色供应链的合作契约设计问题、排放约束下再制造供应链的生产与回收策略问题等。相关研究成果显示了本项目良好的拓展性，也为项目团队的后续研究提供了方向。