基于空间电场积分的D-dot传感器输电线路电压测量方法

Non-contact measuring method of the transmission line voltage that is conform with the development tendency of the smart grid has play an important role in the operation and maintenance of electric power. It is difficult to calculate the equation with the method of obtaining voltage through the inverse problem of electric field by field type sensor. Therefore, it is proposed that the voltage of transmission line could be obtained from the line integral of space electric field with D-dot probe. Firstly, the D-dot probe with suitable size and high precision that is used for measuring the field intensity of the discrete points in the integrating route is designed targeted by field-circuit analyzing method. Secondly, the difference of calculation model of the integral and electric field distribution of the line are discussed. The simulation calculation and experimental analysis of the discrete points’ selection are studied. Gauss integration algorithm of adaptive interpolation is researched according to the distribution characteristics of electric field. Finally, the algorithm is improved based on the experimental data and theoretical analysis. The prototype of non-contact voltage measurement system is developed and verified with field test. Non-contact measuring method of the transmission line voltage that is convenient for operating is developed eventually.

输电线路电压非接触测量在电力运行、检修中具有重要的作用，且符合智能电网的趋势。采用场式传感器通过电场逆问题求解电压方法在方程求解定标上具有一定困难，在此，本申请提出采用D-dot传感器的空间电场线积分获取输电线电位的方法来测量线路电压。首先，采用场路分析法针对性地设计出尺寸合适、精度高的D-dot传感器，用于积分离散点场强测量终端。其次，研究积分计算模型与线路电场分布的差异性，对离散测量点的选取进行仿真计算与实验分析，根据场分布特点研究自适应插值的高斯积分算法。最后，根据实验测量数据与理论分析完善算法，制作出非接触式电压测量系统样机，并于现场实验验证。最终形成一种便于现场操作的输电线电压非接触测量方法。

针对输电线路电压非接触测量方法中逆问题求解过程存在的计算与标定困难，项目利用场路耦合法设计出多种D-dot电场传感器，提出了基于多类型空间电场数值积分算法的非接触电压测量方法，通过充分的数值仿真和实验论证，所研究电压测量方法具有较好的测量精度和可靠性。主要研究工作包括：第一，基于场路耦合思想提出传感器标准化的设计方法，简化传感器设计流程，提高了电场传感器的检测精度与设计效率；第二，基于有限元方法研究了不同电压等级、不同线路排列方式架空输电线路的场分布情况，据此提出了传感器的结构参数优化方案，设计出多类型良好输出特性的D-dot电场传感器；第三，研究了场源与电场积分路径的关系，开展了高斯积分法、高斯-勒让德、高斯-切比雪夫及其优化算法的充分比较，通过高斯-勒让德算法实现最优精度测量，通过切比雪夫积分节点重构算法实现了与架空线参数的匹配；第四，研制了D-dot传感器，搭建了三相模拟试验平台实现传感器标定与测试，并设计出电压实时测量系统，实验结果表明，所研究传感器及电压测量系统，测量幅度误差小于0.5%，相位偏差小于1.8°,具有较好的测量效果。项目成果为输电线路非接触电压测量提供一种可行的测量方法和系统，可应用于输电线路非接触电压测量。