特高压直流架空输电线路全场域电场的飞行器测量方法研究

Electric field is one of the most important characteristics of the electromagnetic environment of UHVDC(Ultra High Voltage Direct Current) transmission lines. The research of ground total electric field provides support for the evaluation of electromagnetic environment for power transmission engineering. While the full-space electric field measurement of the transmission line has an important potential. However, the research on the full-space electric field measurement method of UHVDC transmission line need much more improvement.. The project targets innovation in the measurement method of UHVDC overhead transmission lines full-space electric field by employing electric field sensor array task load to the aircraft. Based on the research of high-performance sensing mechanism of DC electric field in space, the layout and correction method of space electric field vector sensor will be elaborated. The influence mechanism of complex maneuver on space DC Electric Field measurement and the decoupling method of airborne electric field vector sensor array will be paid much attention during research process. Finally, the full-space electric field measurement method will be evaluated and verified outdoors at the UHVDC test base. . The research of this project will construct the full-space measurement capability from the ground to the three-dimensional space for the research of the DC electric field of the UHV transmission lines. The research will provide creative method for the application of intelligent obstacle avoidance of the transmission line of the low-altitude aerial vehicle, the highly autonomous route inspection based on the aerial vehicle and line fault diagnosis. The research results are of great significance to ensure the safety of power grid operation and general aviation and improve the efficiency of operation and maintenance.

电场是特高压直流输电线路电磁环境的重要表征之一。地面合成电场测量为输电工程电磁环境评价提供支撑，而全场域电场测量则在输电线路电场利用方面具有重要潜力。但对直流输电线路全场域电场的测量方法研究尚不深入。本项目拟通过飞行器搭载电场传感任务载荷，开展特高压直流架空输电线路全场域电场移动式测量方法研究。在研究空间直流电场高性能传感机理的基础上，开展空间电场矢量传感器阵列布局及校正方法研究。重点研究飞行器复杂机动对空间直流电场测量的影响机理和机载电场矢量传感器阵列维间耦合解耦方法。最后，结合户外特高压直流试验线路段，评价和验证全场域电场测量方法。. 项目的开展，将为特高压输电线路直流电场的研究构建从地面到三维空间的全场域测量能力，进而可为低空域飞行器的输电线路智能避障、基于飞行器的高自主性线路巡检和线路故障诊断提供新方法支撑。研究成果对保障电网运行安全和通航安全及提高运行检修效率具有重要意义。

电场是输电线路电磁环境的重要表征之一。地面合成电场测量为输电工程电磁环境评价提供支撑，而全场域电场测量则在输电线路电场利用方面具有重要潜力。但对直流输电线路全场域电场的测量方法研究尚不深入。. 针对模拟式直流电场传感器的数学解析模型的不足，采用有限元法分析了场磨式电场传感器的机械结构参数对其性能的影响规律，提出了该类电场传感器机械结构参数的优化设计方法；提出了基于正交矢量型锁定放大器的全数字式直流合成电场检测方法，有效克服了传统模拟式电场检测方法存在的移相误差和特性漂移缺陷；以静电式电极共面水平谐振MEMS电场传感器为研究对象，建立了基于静电力驱动的传感器动力学模型和基于静电感应的敏感结构电学模型，实现了微型电场传感器的多物理场模型集成，支撑微型电场传感器的设计和性能优化；针对小空间的畸变电场测量，提出了一种基于电光效应的微型传感器实现方法，完成了传感器的光波导结构尺寸和天线电极结构尺寸优化设计；针对三维传感器的解耦问题，建立了同时含有传感器维间耦合以及角度偏差的校准模型，提出了在该模型下基于差分进化算法求解灵敏度系数矩阵的方法；对离子流电场产生方法及实现结构从理论上开展研究，研制了空间电场传感器标定装置，为电场检测仪器校正和评价提供了先进有效的平台。. 通过本项目的研究，为特高压输电线路直流电场的研究构建了从地面到三维空间的全场域电场测量能力。进而为实现基于电场特征的低空域飞行器输电线路智能避障、飞行器高自主性线路巡检和线路故障诊断提供新方法支撑。研究成果对保障电力系统运行安全和飞行器通航安全及提高电网运行检修效率具有重要意义。