乳品供应链产出前沿面与效率测度研究

In recent years，the competition of dairy industry sharply increased and quality safety is very concerned in China. At the same time, profit of all members of the dairy supply chain glided down. All these reflect that the efficiency of dairy supply chain is needed to improve urgently. The first key problem should be solved is how to define and measure supply chain efficiency. Dairy supply chain is a complex system including multi-stage, multi-member, and multi-intermediate variable. The advanced methods to measure such complex internal structure efficiency are network DEA and supply chain DEA. However, the existing study of network DEA and the supply chain DEA seemed to be lack of the sufficient practical background which makes their model slightly abstract and simple. So it is needed to be improved and developed. This project is to study the dairy supply chain efficiency based on the actual background of dairy industry in Inner Mongolia. According to the characteristics of dairy supply chain management, efficiency will be considered in different aspects, such as production efficiency, economic efficiency, logistics efficiency, quality and safety efficiency and comprehensive efficiency. The main research are， 1) to define the variety of efficiency, output frontier and input-output indicators based on the multi-objective of dairy supply chain management; 2) to study DEA coupling model based on multi-efficiency in the complex dairy supply chain system; 3) to demonstrate the dairy supply chain frontier for production, economics, logistics, quality safety and comprehensive output. The research has significant meaning for the development of the supply chain research and the application of network DEA theory as well as the advancement of dairy supply chain efficiency in Inner Mongolia. Meanwhile, the results of the research can be applied widely for the supply chain efficiency management of other dairy supply chains in China.

近年我国乳品行业竞争加剧，各主体利润下滑，质量安全经受考验，折射出供应链效率急需改善，而如何定义和测度乳品供应链效率是需首要解决的问题。乳品供应链是一个多阶段、多主体、多中间变量的复杂系统，目前测度具有复杂内部结构系统效率的前沿方法是网络DEA和供应链DEA，而已有成果由于缺乏实际背景，使得其模型略显抽象和简练，需加以完善和发展。本项目依托内蒙古乳业实际背景，针对乳品供应链管理的多目标特性，将效率划分为生产效率、经济效率、物流效率、质量安全效率和综合效率，主要研究：1) 基于乳品供应链管理多目标的多种效率及其产出前沿面的定义和各自的投入产出指标；2）基于多种效率的乳品供应链复杂系统的DEA耦合模型；3)乳品供应链生产、经济、物流、质量安全及综合产出前沿面的表示。本项目对于供应链效率研究的推进、网络DEA理论的应用以及内蒙古乳品供应链效率的提高有显著意义，对全国乳品供应链管理有推广价值。

乳品企业的竞争实际是乳品供应链的竞争，乳品供应链效率的提高是乳品企业竞争力的直接表现。乳品供应链是一个多阶段、多主体、多中间变量的复杂系统，目前效率测度的前沿方法是网络DEA和供应链DEA，而已有成果由于缺乏实际背景，使得模型略显抽象。本项目主要依托内蒙古乳业，通过对乳品供应链效率的研究提升乳业竞争力，并促进网络DEA和供应链DEA方法的发展和应用。. 对乳品供应链的实际结构和运营情况进行了广泛调研，详细描述了乳品供应链的企业网链结构、物流网链结构以及相应的运营模式。研究了供应链不同级的不同网络结构的效率和前沿面，包括1级即一个乳品企业或决策单元，不同结构类型的2级乳品供应链或决策单元，如含中间投入和产出的2级串行乳品供应链、2级树形结构的上游和下游乳品供应链、广义2阶段串行结构和含中间投入和产出2级交叉供应的乳品供应链，以及含中间投入的3级串行乳品供应链。研究了乳品供应链的生产效率、经济效率、效率变化、物流绩效、质量安全绩效以及与协作效率相关的乳品供应链集成度。. 本项目研究得出了2013年之前关于乳品供应链效率研究的脉络；给出了广义2阶段串行结构，2阶段串行乳品产业链效率变化分析，含中间投入和产出的2级供应链效率分析；收集整理了乳品企业内部含有中间投入和产出的2级交叉供应链的11个样本数据以及其他与效率研究相关数据；给出了2级上、下游树形乳品供应链的效率与前沿面分析；给出了3级乳品供应链效率与前沿面分析；界定了乳品供应链的生产效率、经济效率，构建了2级乳品供应链的投入产出指标库，明确了各指标的含义和口径，给出了生产与经济效率及其前沿面分析；给出了基于政府规制的乳品供应链质量安全目标体系与绩效分析，并从伦理学的角度进行了探讨；给出了3级乳品供应链的物流流程和基于流程管理的物流绩效指标库。. 研究成果和相关数据对于乳品供应链效率改进、供应链DEA的推进和网络DEA研究具有一定的理论和实际价值。