具有自适应保压腔的新型身管武器超高初速推进弹丸机理研究

Aiming at the common problem that the muzzle velocity of the projectile is difficult to improve, the t Research on the ultra-high muzzle velocity mechanism of projectile propulsion in the New barreled weapon with adaptive dwell chamber are developed. The transient turbulent flow characteristics of the high temperature and high pressure gas-solid reactive flow of gunpowder in the multi-chamber and multi- gas port which is formed in the new barrel weapon will be studied, and the three-dimensional two-phase transient turbulent reaction flow model of propellant gas in the multi-chamber and multi- gas port will be established considering the interaction between gunpowder combustion reaction and transient turbulent. Combining with experiments, complex structure and propagation law of the pressure waves and rarefaction waves in the new barrel weapon will be explored, and Interior ballistics model of the new barrel weapon will be established. Combining CFD methods with experiments, the mechanism of increasing velocity of projectile with adaptive pressure maintaining chamber will be explored, and the effects of the new barrel structure parameters, which includes the volume of expansion bore chamber, the volume of pressure maintaining chamber, the shape curve of the throttle lever, the size, the number and the location of the gas port, on peak pressure and the muzzle velocity of the projectile will be studied. Then, the precise and reliable control method of propellant gas with adaptive pressure maintaining chamber that ensures peak pressure against increase will be put forward. The project results can provide a theoretical support to significant increase of muzzle velocity in barrel weapons using solid propellant, and have an important value to comprehensive improve the power and the battlefield adaptability of our barrel weapons.

针对常规枪炮身管武器弹丸初速难以提高这一共性问题，开展具有自适应保压腔的新型身管武器超高初速推进弹丸机理研究。研究高温高压火药气固两相反应流在新型身管武器膛内形成的多腔室和多孔通道中的瞬态湍流流动特性，考虑火药燃烧化学反应与瞬态湍流之间的相互作用，建立火药燃气在多腔室和多孔通道中的三维两相瞬态湍流反应流模型；结合实验研究新型身管武器膛内复杂压力波和稀疏波波系结构与传播规律，建立新型身管武器内弹道模型；结合实验和CFD方法探索新型身管武器自适应全程保压提高弹丸初速机理，研究新型身管结构参数（包括扩展弹膛容积，保压腔容积，节流凸榫外形曲线，身管导气孔的大小、数目和位置等）对膛内最大压力和弹丸初速的影响规律，提出保持最大膛压不升高的火药燃气精确、可靠的自适应保压控制方法。项目成果能为固体发射药身管武器大幅度提高弹丸初速提供理论支撑，对全面提升我国枪炮身管武器威力和现代战场适应性具有重要价值。

针对常规枪炮身管武器弹丸初速难以提高这一共性问题，开展具有自适应保压腔的新型身管武器超高初速推进弹丸机理研究。.考虑膛内火药燃气两相流动、扩展弹膛内高压火药燃气与活塞气固耦合作用、导气孔内气体流动，运用一维两相流理论建立了带有自适应保压腔的超高初速武器发射过程数学模型。根据发射过程中扩展弹膛与保压腔作用前后膛内火药燃气流动规律的不同，将超高初速武器整个发射过程分为七个阶段，并进行了数值模拟研究。得到了该武器发射过程中膛内流场分布规律、弹丸和活塞运动规律。通过与普通武器对比，摸清了保压腔和扩展弹膛对膛内火药燃气流动的作用规律，进而揭示了扩展弹膛和保压力对膛压的调控机理和弹丸超高初速控推进机理，为创新利用火药气体能量大幅度提高身管武器弹丸初速提供理论支撑。.建立了一套保持最大膛压不升高的火药燃气精确、可靠的自适应保压超高初速发射控制方法。探索出了超高初速弹丸推进控制方法的五个基本特性，提出了基于外部储能机构的和基于直接利用膛内火药气体两大类超高初速弹丸推进方法。自适应保压超高初速弹丸推进控制方法不但能简洁、实用和低成本提高我国常规枪炮武器的威力，而且能开辟出一条适合固体发射药身管武器高初速发射的新方向，具有实际的应有前景。.提出了一种针对某小口径自动炮的制退减振双功能喷管气体反推振动控制方法。建立了考虑武器身管与架座形变的小口径自动炮发射系统刚柔耦合动力学模型，对不同射击条件下的火炮的身管振动特性进行分析。该方法能同时大幅度降低小口径自动炮的后坐力和身管振动，为超高初速武器的实际应用奠定了基础。.提出了将高效膛口制退器、新型阻尼可调缓冲器和侧向后喷稀疏波减后坐装置相结合的复合型减后坐方法。基于对三种减后坐装置得理论建模，通过它们之间合理参数匹配研究，达到了大幅度降低超高初速武器后坐力的目的。该方法能简洁、实用和低成本降低武器后坐力，对于降低超高初速武器后坐力研究具有重要价值。