基于热舒适与良好光环境的湿热地区农村住宅光热环境营造模式研究

The subtropical regions in south China is characterized by humid and hot climate with diverse terrains and widely distributed villages. Through preliminary investigation, it is found that very serious physical environment problems exist in these rural old and new houses, for example, inadequate ventilation or lighting, wet and cold in winters, and poor air quality, etc. In order to improve the indoor environment, energy-consuming equipment are used, such as, air-conditioning, fans, etc, therefore, imposing burden on people's living comfort, building energy consumption, and living expenses. The evaluation of this project is based on thermal comfort and lighting environment. In this project, the construction patterns of creating low-carbon light and heat environment are studied for rural houses in wet and hot areas. The seasonal light and heat variations, comfort zone, environmental microclimate, and villagers living behaviors of housing environment are acquired for springs (wet), summers, (hot), autumns (comfortable seasons), and winters (wet and cold). Pick up environment factors,behavior factors, design factors and set up the mapping function between factors and indoor environment. This project raises the construction patterns and behavioral models for annual control of the indoor light and heat environment, explores the ecologically adaptive rural housing patterns, and provides the methods for creating light and heat environment in rural houses and design principles and guide for comprehensive utilization of the environment.

我国南方亚热带地区气候潮湿、炎热，地形多样，村落分布广泛。经大量调查发现，这些农村新旧建筑都存在较为严重的物理环境问题，如建筑通风不足、采光不够，冬季湿冷，空气品质差等，为改善室内环境需借助空调、风扇、人工光源等用能设备，对人们的生活舒适、建筑能耗、生活成本等造成负担。 本项目以热舒适和光环境为评价指标，研究湿热地区不同环境因子条件下的农村住宅光热环境营造模式，获取春（潮湿季节）、夏（炎热季节）、秋（舒适季节）、冬（湿冷季节）农村住宅室内光热变化规律、舒适域、环境小气候与村民生活行为情况，提取出影响室内光热环境的客观环境因子、行为因子、建筑设计因子，建立各影响因素与室内光热环境营造之间的映射关系，提出室内光热环境全年控制营造模式与行为方式，探索湿热地区农村生态适应型农居模式，提供农村住宅光热环境营造方法与环境综合利用设计体系与指导方案。

在湿热地区，由于气候的特点，建筑与自然环境、气候的关系更加密切。建筑使人们免受强烈的太阳照射，不同明暗空间形成空气流动，以使人们在温高湿重的环境中生活，但是，在湿热地区的民居普遍存在室内光热环境差的情况。. 本课题从室内光、热环境营造出发，尝试研究湿热地区农村住宅的光热建设方法与技术。研究内容包括：1. 湿热地区农村住宅光、热环境参数特征及人与环境互动关系的研究；2. 湿热地区农村住宅热环境、光环境营造技术研究；3. 经济分析；4. 技术传播研究等方面。. 在本课题的支持下，完成了岭南地区传统民居的生态节能技术梳理与总结； 不同类型民居的建筑相关参数、室内外环境参数的测量与数据收集；总结相关构造图集与技术应用指导；完成了一栋农宅的环境改造示范；对主动降温的风扇流场做了详细研究。. 研究成果为湿热地区农村住宅开发、建设、维护与研究等提供了丰富的一手调研资料、建筑参数、环境参数与环境特性，提供了生态技能技术示范与指导。