单频网外辐射源云雷达的目标定位理论与方法

With the opening of low altitude and the explosive growth of consumer drones, there is an urgent demand to develop new methods for the localization of low-altitude non-cooperative targets. Relying on the good chance of widely adopted single frequency network (SFN) coverage in the wireless digital broadcasting and televisions in China, this project proposes a novel idea of cloud passive radar based on SFN illuminators of opportunity to provide low-altitude location services. This new radar system possesses a multiple-input multiple-output network system architecture characterized by frequency saving, easy access, and opening & sharing. It can expand the target detection information dimensions, thereby significantly enhancing the information acquisition ability for the low-altitude location service. The new problems involve the effects of the uncontrolled illuminators and loosely connected cloud network on the localization performance, the mining and utilization of the sequential multidimensional measurement information, and the joint optimization of transmitter and receiver under the condition of a multiple-input multiple-output architecture. Targeting these problems related to the implementation of target localization and the improvement of location accuracy, the project will conduct theoretical researches and experimental verifications accordingly. The main contents include: 1) the joint localization methods in the case of information uncertainty, 2) the theory and methods of improving the location accuracy using sequential multidimensional bistatic velocities, and 3) the new method that formulates and solves the sensor optimization model based on a modified location accuracy index. The research achievements will possess important scientific significance on the development and improvement of passive radar intelligent networking and related information acquisition theory. It will also provide an important technical support for the network construction of our country’s low-altitude location service.

随着低空开放不断推进和消费级无人机井喷式增长，迫切需要发展针对低空非合作目标定位的新方法。借助我国无线数字广播电视广泛采用单频网覆盖的良好契机，项目提出基于单频网外辐射源云雷达实现低空定位服务的新构想，旨在利用频率节约、接入方便、开放共享的多发多收网络化系统架构拓展目标探测信息维度，显著提升低空定位服务的信息获取能力。项目将针对非受控照射源与松连接云网络对定位性能的影响、序列多维度探测信息的挖掘与利用、多发多收站位结构的联合优化等新问题，重点围绕该型雷达的目标定位实现和定位精度提升等方面开展理论研究与实验验证，包括：1）存在信息不确定度下的多发多收联合定位方法；2）序列多维度双基速度信息改善定位精度的理论与方法；3）基于综合定位精度指标构建并求解站位优化模型的新方法。成果对发展和完善被动雷达智能组网及相关信息获取理论具有重要的科学意义，同时将为我国低空定位服务网络建设提供重要技术支撑。

随着人类低空活动日益增多，低空活动在创造巨大社会和经济效益同时，也给人类社会带来了非传统威胁和监管难题。本项目旨在发展基于新一代单频网无线数字广播电视的外辐射源云雷达，为低空非合作目标定位提供一种频率节约、接入方便的新手段。项目围绕该型雷达在目标定位实现和定位精度提升上面临的新问题，系统深入开展了基础理论、关键技术和系列实验验证等研究，取得了如下重要创新成果：（1）提出了一种等价最优解耦卡尔曼滤波算法用于多目标联合状态估计与误差配准，提高了信息融合的成功率和鲁棒性。（2）提出了一种高低精度航迹混合跟踪方法，解决了外辐射源雷达网在收发对不足和检测概率较低情况下的快速跟踪确认和航迹连续性问题。（3）构建了分时多频工作模式的外辐射源雷达，并提出了一种相适应的多目标定位跟踪方法，使其定位精度在一定条件下接近同时多频外辐射源雷达。（4）提出了一种鲁棒的子带杂波抑制方法，该方法能够在载波频偏、分数时延等非理想因素场景下逼近杂波抑制的理论上限，为本项目从实测数据中提取量测信息奠定了基础。（5）开展了系列DTMB外辐射源雷达组网探测外场实验，发现了一种基于DTMB信号结构的同频发射台干扰现象，利用实测数据对前述理论与方法进行了验证和完善，并证实了外辐射源云雷达体制的可行性。系列成果在国内外重要期刊和学术会议发表论文47篇，其中SCI源刊论文18篇，申请发明专利12项，在《雷达学报》组织出版了国内新一期“外辐射源雷达”专题。受中国民航局委托，课题组连续起草了5份关于“中国外辐射源雷达研究进展”的工作文件并提交给国际民航组织（ICAO）监视专家组会议，提升了我国在航空安全监控领域的国际影响力和话语权。部分研究成果现已成功应用于外辐射源雷达工程样机“低空潜哨”，该雷达在军委科技委“无形截击”反无人机挑战赛中连续获奖，同时已在首届“进博会”、“军运会”等活动低空安全保障中投入使用。