基于遥感的典型草原荒漠化及驱动机制的定量评价研究

Desertification has become increasingly serious and ecological environmental quality decreases significantly in China affected by climate change and unreasonable human activities. With the development of remote sensing technology, foreign and domestic researchers selected a variety of indicators and assessment methods to study desertification based on remote sensing, however, few studies related to desertification evaluation benchmark and the few studies to assess the impact of different indicators selected for desertification assessment. Meanwhile, most of studies only qualitatively analyzed the driving factors of desertification, and lack of quantitative evaluation of desertification driving mechanism. Based on the large-scale field investigation data, long term remote sensing data and modeling data, the objectives of this study which will select Xilingol League as the study area, are as follows: (1) to analysis the sensitivity of different desertification assessment vegetation index; (2) to establish desertification assessment benchmark and a quantitative assessment method of typical steppe desertification based on long time series remote sensing data; (3) to quantitative evaluate the impact of human activities on desertification. These findings will provide a scientific basis for the control of typical steppe desertification in the arid, semi-arid area of North China.

受气候、自然地理环境以及不合理的人类活动的影响，我国的荒漠化问题日益严重，生态环境日趋恶化。随着遥感技术的发展，国内外研究学者选取多种不同的荒漠化评价指标，开展了荒漠化遥感评价研究，但较少涉及荒漠化评价基准问题，较少研究不同评价指标的选取对荒漠化评估结果的影响，同时研究中多定性地分析了荒漠化的驱动因素，缺乏荒漠化驱动机制的定量评价。本项目选取内蒙古锡林郭勒盟为研究区，基于大量野外观测、遥感监测和模型模拟的手段拟研究：（1）不同植被指标指示荒漠化敏感性；（2）构建荒漠化评价基准，提出基于时间序列遥感数据的典型草原荒漠化定量评价方法；（3）定量评价人为活动对荒漠化发展变化的影响，揭示荒漠化发展趋势变化的驱动机制，为我国北方干旱、半干旱区典型草原荒漠化防治提供重要的科学依据，具有重要的科学意义和现实指导意义。

受气候、自然地理环境以及不合理的人类活动的影响，我国的荒漠化问题日益严重，生态环境日趋恶化。随着遥感技术的发展，国内外研究学者选取多种不同的荒漠化评价指标，开展了荒漠化遥感评价研究，但较少涉及荒漠化评价基准问题，较少研究不同评价指标的选取对荒漠化评估结果的影响，同时研究中多定性地分析了荒漠化的驱动因素，缺乏荒漠化驱动机制的定量评价。本项目基于构建的长时间序列植被指标数据集，结合实测生物量、土壤指标，对比分析了不同植被指标对于草原荒漠化的指示作用，为后续草原荒漠化定量评价指标选取等提供了重要的参考依据。其次，项目提出了基于植被净初级生产力NPP和植被降水利用效率RUE指标的草原荒漠化评价方法，在考虑了“评价基准”的基础上，实现了草原荒漠化定量评价，定量分析了气候因素对草原荒漠化影响，为我国北方干旱、半干旱区典型草原荒漠化防治提供重要科学依据。