基于新型纳米材料的流动测量与控制原理研究

There is a direct generation of measurable voltages and currents when fluid flows over the graphene and carbon nanotubes. Most of the resent research is about the phenomenon itself and the law of the mathematical model. But there are still many arguments with the research about the physical essence of the flow-induced voltages and lack of application theory research.In this project,based on the interaction on the coupling betw een external flow fields and the intrinsic local fields of nanomaterials, it is suggestted that the research of the mechanical-electric-fluid coupling and physical mechanical behaviors in functional graphene nanomaterials would be developed.And there is no relative report in the world so far. Further research of the interaction laws between external fields and the intrinsic local fields of graphene would be taken based on our recent research on a comprehensive mathematical model about gas-flow-induced voltages in graphene. And the singals of the intrinsic local fields of graphene would be used to characterize and measure the flow field and friction field.Because of its tiny size, a passive and no interference actuator used for friction field measurements would be designed. In the process of the research about the multi-field coupling law of the flow-induced-voltages,it is first revealed that a electric or magnetic field would be loaded on the intrinsic local fields of graphene to change its macroscopic physical properties,for controlling the external flow field.So the external flow control would be realized by inputing lower power in intrinsic local fields.This project would be helpful to understand the physical essence of the phenomenon correctly, increase the physical characteristic and improve the research and application of the related physical device.

碳纳米管和石墨烯等新型纳米材料具有流致生电现象，国际上相关研究大多集中在现象本身和数学规律，已有的关于其流致生电本质的研究争议较大，且缺少相关应用原理的研究。本项目提出从微观局域场和宏观外流场相互影响的角度出发，针对石墨烯的力-电-流多物理场进行跨尺度耦合研究，目前国际上鲜有相关理论和实验报道。项目在新近完善的气体诱导石墨烯流致生电数学模型的基础上，推进研究物理外场对石墨烯微观局域电场的影响规律，探索利用微观局域场信号来实现对宏观流场、摩擦力场的表征和测量；并开展无源无干扰流场摩擦力测量功能器件的原理设计。在探究石墨烯流致生电多场耦合原理的过程中，本项目创新性的提出对石墨烯微观局域场加载电场、磁场，通过改变其微观特性，对外部流场进行宏观控制，以实现微观的小的能量输入，达到宏观的流动控制效果。项目将有助于正确认识石墨烯流致生电的物理本质、丰富其物理特性以及推进相关物理器件的研究和应用。

开展了不同气体诱导石墨烯和硅基片产生电压的流动实验，并研究了电压产生的条件和规律，也确定了不同气体的流速与诱导电压的线性关系。开展了不同液滴诱导石墨烯产生电压的实验，并确定了液滴流速与石墨烯产生电压的关系规律。在统一了不同气体介质诱导石墨烯等半导体材料产生电压的数学模型的基础上，设计了流体表面摩擦力测量器件，并论述了气体与液体介质产生电压的不同原理。为进一步提升流体诱导石墨烯产生电压的特性，提出了采用气体液体共同作用诱导石墨烯产生电压的方法，可以较大的提升流体诱导石墨烯产生电压的特性。项目针对不同气体介质诱导石墨烯产生电压，从统一数学模型方向和测量热力场分布等方面进行研究，即气体流动过程中的动能转换为压力能和热能，压力能无损耗，而热能一部分损耗，一部分通过石墨烯片层转换为电能，对认识气体诱导石墨烯生电的本质有启发作用。项目通过诱导生电，在流体流速测量和流动壁面摩擦力测量的器件设计和原理探讨方面，可实现无源无能耗的流动测量，为拓宽石墨烯生电的应用研究提供了新思路。