中国重要陆生贝类（蜗牛总科，艾纳螺总科）的比较形态学研究

Land mollusk are one of the most important representive inhabiting the terrestrial ecological system. China possesses very rich land mollusk species which comprise an very important diverse malacofauna in the world. However, till now the knowledge on this group, compared to thoes on the other animal taxa, is seriously insufficient. In history, the particular evolutionary process has made the characters of the land mollusks convergently changed frequently and commonly in most taxa. The systematic study on Chinese land mollusks began with the exclusive work on snail shells, where almost all original description of land snails were qualitative. Till now the situation that in dealing with systematic problems the researchers pay more attention on shell other than other more important characters keeps nearly unchanged. For the recently two decades, globally the systematic studies on the land mollusks have stepped into a more advanced status where the methodolgy of morphology, molecular biology, ontogeny, etc. are employed. It is noteworthy that such advance greatly depends on, at the first stage, the detailed and sufficient knowledge of the comparative morphology. Unfortunately, for Chinese mollusks, such work has been poorly based. Using the methods of comparative morphology and geometric morphometrics, this proposal aims at clarifying the knowledge of the morphological characteristics at each hierarchial taxon, across all the Chinese species from the superfamilies Helicoidea and Enoidea. We hope by this proposed project the foundation of the study of the land mollusk systematics in China will be substantially consolidated.

陆生贝类是陆地生态系统中重要的多样性代表。我国陆生贝类种类十分丰富。但与其它动物类群相比，迄今对陆生贝类的了解仍十分缺乏。陆生贝类因其独特的演化过程，其特征、尤其是贝壳特征在各类群中都频繁出现趋同进化的情况。中国陆生贝类系统学研究在早期主要集中于贝壳研究，因此对几乎所有阶元的原始描述都止于对贝壳粗略的定性描记。直至目前，此状况亦不甚改观。近二十年以来，国际上对陆生贝类系统学的研究已进入结合形态、分子、发育、系统发生等手段的综合阶段，但在这之前，充分、翔实的比较形态学工作过程为这一巨大进步提供了坚实的基础。这个过程在我国基本缺乏。本项目将对我国真肺螺类的蜗牛总科和艾纳螺总科进行比较形态学研究，借助软体部分比较形态学、贝壳的几何形态学研究手段，对各类群稳定的特征及特征状态进行发现和检验。本项目将对所涉及类群的分类学也有所贡献，也有助于切实地夯实我国陆生贝类系统学基础。

本项目从2019年1月至2022年12月，研究工作基本按计划得到执行。因新冠疫情的影响，年度计划中部分野外工作和国际会议部分多需延期进行。本项目的目标均已基本达成。部分成果在项目时限结束后将继续产出，部分研究仍在进行中。. 本项目重点基于贝壳和软体部分的形态学分别对在我国真肺螺类陆生贝类中占比很大的巴蜗牛和艾纳螺两个总科进行详细研究。利用博物馆材料和申请者团队已搜集材料，采用比较解剖学、几何形态测量学和数值分类学等方法对各自科、属和种的特征和特征状态进行特征发现和特征稳定性评估研究。本项目对所有中国所有坚螺总科的属及部分艾纳螺的属进行了研究，新发现华璃螺属Sinoxychilus (璃螺科，中国新纪录科)、华砾螺属Sinochloritis、华霜螺属Sinorachis、拟盖螺属Pseudostegodera，对稀见的创螺属Traumatophora、盖螺属Stegodera进行了厘订，对重要类群华蜗牛属、巴蜗牛属、射带蜗牛属、蛇蜗牛属等进行了系统性的研究；对包含巴蜗牛属、华蜗牛属、间齿螺属、亮盘螺属、射带蜗牛属、华蜗牛属、萨摩螺属、屿大蜗牛属、坚螺属、创螺属、环肋螺属、大脐蜗牛属、拟锥螺属、毛巴蜗牛属、尖巴蜗牛属等在内的坚螺科内系统发生关系进行了分析。本项目的研究成果对靶类群确凿的鉴别特征、特征状态变化的程度和范围进行了探索性研究，对未来对这些类群准确分类、进行高质量系统发生推断提供了重要的基础资料，在一定程度上为我国其他陆生贝类类群的系统学和分类学提供了方法学的客观依据。