从“双重背景”建筑师的活动看1949年后香港与中国大陆的建筑联系与互动机制

Mainland China and Hong Kong have adhered to different institutional perspectives since the mid-20th century, and yet, at the same time, the two entities have maintained close cultural ties and the latter is an indivisible part of the former. Although post-reform China has benefited from Hong Kong’s experience of architectural modernization, the history of Modern Chinese Architecture is devoid of a clear and systematic understanding of Hong Kong’s influence.The background study underpinning this proposed research has discoveredthat, despite the closure of Hong Kong-mainland border after 1949, at least 67 mainland architects migrated to Hong Kong to re-establish their practice; a large number of Hong Kong-based architects started working on mainland projects after 1978; and there has been an intensification of two-way architectural exchanges between Hong Kong and mainland China since the 1990s.This proposed research is premised on the observation that the activities of dual-background architects working in both jurisdictions offer rich materials for examining architectural transmigration between Mainland China and Hong Kong, specified by and demarcated into different time periods. The 1949 architectural migration to Hong Kong was an extension of China’s architectural modernization process outside of the mainland; and the post-1978reverse migration brought with it developed Hong Kong experiences, producing a profound influence on the building of a re-opened mainland. The ultimate objective of this proposed research is to incorporate the Hong Kong case into the history of Modern Chinese Architecture as an important element of China’s post-1949 architectural modernization process. Through a detailed and systematic investigation of the activities undertaken by dual-background architects over an extended historical trajectory, the contours of architectural linkages between the two places will be delineated, and the patterns and historical contexts of architectural transmigration will be illuminated.

中国大陆与香港存在制度上的差异，但在文化上具有紧密的联系，是不可分割的整体。香港城市建筑的经验已经成为大陆现代化的有益借鉴，香港的影响有待在理论层面进行历史维度的挖掘、全面系统的整理与研究。本项目基于笔者的前期调研发现：虽然1949年后中港边界封锁，但至少有67位大陆建筑师移居香港执业；改革开放以来大量香港建筑师参与内地建设；九十年代后两地间出现双向的、日趋频密的建筑师交流。本项目认为：同时具有大陆香港“双重背景”的建筑师，突破有形的边界，将三十年代在近代中国萌芽的现代建筑在1949年后的香港分出新枝，又将成熟的香港现代建筑经验在改革开放后重植大陆，推动中国建筑现代化的进程。本项目旨在“中国近现代建筑史”中引介香港，以“双重背景”建筑师及其活动为线索，建构香港与大陆在不同历史背景下的建筑联系，揭示两地建筑发展的互动机制与历史渊源。