高端电液伺服元件性能衰减与强化的基础研究

In order to tackle the problem of the based theory lack of servo valve, the performance degradation and strengthening method of high-end electro hydraulic servo component during its whole life cycle is studied. Through the analysis of electromagnetism, dynamics, computational fluid dynamics, materials science, tribology, statistics, thermodynamics, the degradation mechanism is illuminated including the electricity-magnetism-force-displacement characteristics of torque motor, the fatigue performance of elastic feedback component under high frequency alternating loads, the composite wear such as abrasive wear, erosion wear and cavitation wear of precision coupling in first stage valve and second stage valve under the action of gas-liquid-solid multiphase flow. Quantitative mathematical model of micrometer level compound wear for electro hydraulic servo component is built. The influence of the degradation of the torque motor, the composite wear due to multiphase flow, the physical and chemical properties of material and the dynamic size of the precision parts on the service performance of the electro hydraulic servo component are analyzed. Mathematical model of performance degradation of electro hydraulic servo component under external alternating magnetic field, extreme temperature, extreme environment, radiation condition and service conditions is obtained. The performance strengthening methods for electro hydraulic servo components are obtained from experimentation and theory. To break the blockade of foreign technology of high-end core basis components, basic theory and key technology of high reliability and high adaptability of electro hydraulic servo component are provided.

针对高端电液伺服元件全寿命过程性能衰减机理和基础理论欠缺的问题，通过电磁学、材料学、摩擦学、动力学、流体力学、统计学、热力学的深入分析，阐明力矩马达电-磁-力-位移的转换性能衰减、弹性反馈组件在高频交变载荷下应力疲劳、一级阀与二级阀在多相流（液体、固体、气体）作用下精密偶件复合磨损（磨粒磨损、冲蚀磨损、气蚀磨损）等诸现象的机理，建立电液伺服元件微米级复合磨损的定量数学模型。分析在外界交变磁场、极端温度、极端环境、辐射、服役工况下力矩马达性能衰减、多相流复合磨损、精密零件材料理化学性能与动态尺寸对电液伺服元件服役性能的影响，取得电液伺服元件在极端环境和服役工况下全寿命过程性能衰减的数学模型和性能变化规律。从试验和理论的两方面，取得电液伺服元件全寿命过程的性能强化措施。打破国外高端核心基础元件的控制和技术封锁，为我国研制高可靠性和高适应性的电液伺服元件提供基础理论和关键技术。

针对高端电液伺服元件全寿命过程性能衰减机理和基础理论欠缺的问题，通过电磁学、材料学、摩擦学、动力学、流体力学、统计学的深入分析，理论与实践紧密结合，研究电/磁/力的信息与能量转换、力矩马达性能衰减、弹性反馈组件在高频交变载荷下应力疲劳、一级阀与二级阀复合磨损等诸现象的机理，以及极端环境下电液伺服元件性能衰减的规律和强化措施等基础科学问题。项目主要成果包括：（1）揭示了电-磁-力信息和能量转换的机理，阐明了力矩马达电涡流现象和漏磁现象、以及在交变磁场、极端温度、振动冲击、服役工况下服役性能及其衰减规律。取得了弹性反馈组件在高频交变载荷下应力疲劳特性。为打破国外控制与封锁，研制高可靠性与高适应性的高端伺服元件提供了基础理论和关键技术。（2）揭示了一级射流阀和二级滑阀、反馈杆小球在多相流体（液体、固体、气体）作用下微米级复合磨损（冲蚀磨损、粘着磨损）机理，形成了极端环境下精密零件形貌形性关系、微观尺寸链、残余应力/装配应力等重构问题的数学模型与解决措施。（3）取得了电液伺服元件在极端环境下性能衰减的数学模型和规律，进而获得电液伺服元件抗疲劳和抗磨损的性能强化措施，形成了高端元件、电/磁/力转换器、放大器、接收器、测试方法与装置等新原理、新结构、新方法的系列发明和知识产权，直接为解决我国核心基础零部件（元器件）完全依赖进口的“卡脖子”问题和型号研制提供了基础保障。（4）除涉及知识产权和保密技术外，在《机械工程学报》《航空学报》《Mechatronics》等期刊上发表论文20篇（其中，SCI收录1篇、EI收录14篇），会议论文9篇。获得授权发明专利10项。获得国际会议最优秀论文奖1篇。获上海市技术发明奖二等奖1项。已由Elsevier出版英文专著1部50万字。形成了一支精通高端伺服元件的青年学者队伍，指导毕业博士研究生3名，指导毕业硕士研究生10名，正在培养博士研究生2名。