矿物调整剂及其在赤铁矿浮选体系中的界面调控机制研究

Minerals could be regarded as regulators in flotation through activating or inhibiting the objective minerals according to the interactive effect among minerals. However, researchers only have studied the effect of one mineral on another mineral floatability so far, and the study on minerals as regulators is still blank. “Mineral regulator” refers to regulator composed of minerals in flotation, which aims to optimize the Minerals could be regarded as regulators in flotation through activating or inhibiting the objective minerals according to the interactive effect among minerals. However, researchers only have studied the effect of one mineral on another mineral floatability so far, and the study on minerals as regulators is still blank. “Mineral regulator” refers to regulator composed of minerals in flotation, which aims to optimize the flotation separation among minerals. In this project, hematite, quartz, siderite and magnetite are as the research objects. Firstly, the interactions (such as activation, inhibition) between different minerals (siderite or magnetite) with different particle sizes and hematite (or quartz) are systematically studied. Secondly, the flotation process of refractory hematite ores is simulated, regulated and optimized through adding proper “mineral regulator”, and the regulating methods of “mineral regulator” in hematite flotation are eventually established. Finally, the regulating mechanism of “mineral regulator” is researched based on theory (such as density functional) and various detection methods (such as AFM, SIMS/TOF-SIMS), which provides the theory basis for optimizing the flotation techniques of refractory hematite ore containing carbonate, for reducing the reagent dosage and cost, and provides a new idea for the design of beneficiation process flowsheet.

浮选体系中矿物间会产生相互影响，部分矿物会对目的矿物产生活化、抑制等作用，从而使矿物发挥调整剂的功能。然而科研工作者仅研究了矿物对矿物可浮性的影响，而将矿物作为一种调整剂添加从而影响其他矿物分离的研究尚属空白。“矿物调整剂”是指将矿物作为调整剂使用，以达到优化矿物分离的目的。本项目以赤铁矿、石英、菱铁矿、磁铁矿为研究对象，系统研究不同粒级菱铁矿、磁铁矿作为矿物调整剂对赤铁矿、石英的活化、抑制等作用规律，并基于其规律，对实际赤铁矿石的浮选进行模拟，加入适宜的“矿物调整剂”进行调控、优化，最终建立“矿物调整剂”在赤铁矿浮选体系中的界面调控方式，并基于密度泛函等理论，采用原子力显微镜、二次离子质谱仪等检测手段探讨“矿物调整剂”的作用机理以及在赤铁矿浮选过程中的界面调控机制，为优化含碳酸盐难选赤铁矿石的浮选分离工艺、降低药剂用量和选矿成本提供理论依据，为选矿工艺流程设计提供新思路。

浮选体系中矿物间会产生相互影响，部分矿物会对目的矿物产生活化、抑制等作用，从而使矿物发挥调整剂的功能。本项目以赤铁矿、石英、菱铁矿、磁铁矿为研究对象，系统研究了不同粒级菱铁矿和磁铁矿作为“矿物调整剂”对赤铁矿和石英的活化、抑制等作用规律。结果表明，大多数矿物本身之间会产生一定的抑制或活化作用，其作用与矿物性质、颗粒粒度以及药剂制度等相关。基于其规律，对实际赤铁矿石（含碳酸盐赤铁矿石和微细粒级赤铁矿石）的浮选进行了模拟、调控和优化。针对含碳酸盐赤铁矿石，提出通过加入柠檬酸的方式可削弱由菱铁矿抑制石英而引起的铁精矿品位降低的不利影响。针对微细粒级赤铁矿石，提出通过加入适宜的“矿物调整剂”（细粒级磁铁矿）可提高微细粒赤铁矿的回收率。通过对两种类型的实际赤铁矿石的浮选调控优化，最终建立了“矿物调整剂”在赤铁矿浮选体系中的界面调控方式。最后基于溶液化学理论，采用显微镜、Zeta表面电位仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、红外光谱仪、紫外分光光度计、电感耦合等离子光谱发生仪、激光粒度分析仪等检测手段揭示了“矿物调整剂”菱铁矿对石英的抑制机理和微细粒级磁铁矿对微细粒级赤铁矿的活化机理，以及柠檬酸对菱铁矿抑制石英的调控优化机理，最终建立了“矿物调整剂”在赤铁矿浮选过程中的界面调控机制，为优化难选赤铁矿石的浮选分离工艺、降低药剂用量和选矿成本提供了理论依据。