石煤中钒-钼-镓的赋存特征及其综合开发途径

Stone coal is the characteristic resource in our country and the important source of energy in the coal-laden region. There are a large number of rare metal elements in stone coal, and the development prospect is broad. In this project, two typical coal-mining areas in southern Shaanxi and western Hunan are selected as research areas. There are abundant reserves of stone coal resources in the area and a good foundation for stone coal industry. The development and application of stone coal are related to local people's livelihood and economic development. A comprehensive and systematic element geochemical analysis and tests of the main quarry coal seam, gangue and roof and floor samples in the study area will be carried out. Find out the content level of abnormal enriched elements and summarize the change rule of elements in coal forming process and later evolution. The occurrence characteristics of Vanadium, Molybdenum and Gallium will be determined by successive chemical extraction experiments, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope observations. Through the phase analysis of the combustion products under different conditions, the transformation characteristics of the elements will be studied. Through the reciprocating leaching experiments, the migration of harmful elements under the action of multi-media superposition will be summarized. Further reveal the intrinsic relationship between the occurrence characteristics of elements and transformation and migration. Identify changes in the state of occurrence of Vanadium, Molybdenum, and Gallium before and after vanadium extraction from stone coal, and explore integrated development approaches for Vanadium, Molybdenum, Gallium, and other rare metals in the vanadium extraction process.

石煤是我国的特色资源，更是缺煤地区重要的能源供给。石煤中伴生有数量可观的多种稀有金属元素，开发前景广阔。本项目选定陕南和湘西两个典型的石煤赋存区为研究区，区内石煤资源储量丰厚，具有良好的石煤工业基础，石煤的开发与应用关乎当地民生和经济发展。针对研究区主采石煤层、夹矸、顶底板样品进行全面系统的元素地球化学分析与测试。查明异常富集元素的含量水平，总结元素在成煤过程及后期演化中的变化规律。通过逐级化学提取实验、X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜观察确定钒、钼和镓的赋存特征及成因。通过不同条件下燃烧产物的物相分析，研究元素的转化特点。通过往复式淋滤实验总结有害元素在多介质叠加作用下的迁移规律。进一步揭示元素赋存特征与转化迁移之间的内在联系。查明石煤提钒前后钒、钼、镓赋存状态的变化，探究提钒工艺中钒、钼、镓等稀有金属元素的综合开发途径。

石煤中伴生有多种元素，开发利用潜力巨大。研究成果对揭示研究区石煤中微量元 素富集过程、促进有益元素开发、减缓有害元素释放具有重要意义。运用煤地质学、矿物学、元素 地球化学、统计学等学科理论与方法，对湖南和陕南石煤的煤质特征、元素赋存特征、迁移转化规律等进行了研究。评价了石煤中常量元素、微量元素含量水平，揭示了石煤常量、微量元素组合特征，总结了典型富集元素的富集特征。综合五步提取实验、数理统计分析、扫描电镜数据系统总结了石煤中微量元素的赋存状态，揭示了石煤中典型富集元素（V、Mo、Cd、Sb、As）赋存特征，为上述元素的联合提取与环境控制奠定了基础。在查明陕南石煤中微量元素含量及分布情况的基础上，筛选出研究区石煤中潜在有害元素的类型，通过对石煤、灰、夹矸等介质进行纯净水、矿井水等的淋溶实验，对比分析了有害元素在不同介质、不同条件下的淋溶特性，总结了石煤中有害微量元素在矿区环境中的迁移与再分配规律。研制了一套自动往复式淋滤实验装置，为多种介质叠加作用下的复杂地质体淋滤实验研究提供了设备及方法。探索了一套适用于石煤的有益微量元素逐步浸（提）取方案，丰富和优化了石煤中微量元素赋存状态分析方法，元素浸（提）取实验有效解决了石煤有机质分散、难分离的问题，完善了石煤中微量元素赋存状态研究方法，为石煤中有益元素的开发利用途径提供了参考。依托本项目培养了1名博士研究生，发表学术论文21篇（其中EI 4 篇，北大核心13篇，外文2篇），授权发明专利2项，实用新型专利3项，软件著作权1项，开发自动往复式淋滤实验装置1套，获得第五届中国研究生石油装备创新设计大赛全国一等奖。