深部资源开采诱发岩体动力灾害机理与防控方法研究

In deep exploitation of mineral resources, the occurrence of rock dynamic disasters, such as ore and rock collapse, rockburst and mining-induced seismic, is closely related to the initially stressed condition of deep rock mass and the external dynamic disturbance. The initial stresses of deep rock increase with the growth of mining depth, and perform a non-homogeneous distribution around the cavities of underground engineering. Meanwhile, external dynamic disturbances, which can be induced by drill and blast, high level ore-drawing et al are always encountered in deep mining. On considering the combined conditions of non- homogeneous and high initial stresses and dynamic disturbances of deep rock mass, this research strives to reveal the essential driving mechanism of dynamic hazards in deep mining, as well as to develop relevant prevention and control technology. Rock dynamic fracture tests under non- homogeneous and high initial stresses will be conducted to verify the failure mechanism of deep rock mass under dynamic disturbance. The governing equation of stress wave propagating in non- homogeneous stress condition will be theoretically derived, so as to investigate the energy distribution features and scatter law of stress wave when goes across deep opening, and to reveal the formation process and induce mechanism of dynamic hazard under the combined actions of non- homogeneous and high stresses and dynamic disturbance. Furthermore, taken the regional stress and energy change as variables, the hazard multi-information auto monitoring, and forewarning, prevention and control system will be established in deep mines. The method to regulate and control the energy of highly stressed rock mass will be proposed, which provides reasonable theoretical basis and technical support for the high efficient and safe exploitation of deep mineral resources.

深部资源开采中矿岩垮落、岩爆、矿震等岩体动力灾害与深部岩体的初始受力特征和开采动力扰动密切相关。深部岩体的初始应力随开采深度增大，并在地下工程周边呈非均匀分布状态。同时，深部开采过程伴随着凿岩爆破、高阶段落矿等产生的动力扰动。本项目从深部岩体“非均匀高初始应力+动力扰动”的组合受力环境出发，探求深部开采诱发岩体动力灾害的驱动机制和防控技术，系统开展非均匀高初始应力下岩石扰动破坏试验，研究深部岩体动态破裂的力学机制，建立非均匀应力环境中应力波传播的控制方程，获得应力波通过深部硐室的散射规律和能量分布特性，揭示非均匀高初始应力和动力扰动作用下动力灾害的孕育过程和诱发机理，进而以区域应力和能量变化为参量，建立深部矿山多元灾害信息自动收集及动力灾害预警与防控体系，提出深部高应力岩体能量调控方法，为深部资源安全高效开采中的灾害防控提供科学的理论依据与技术保障。

深部资源开采中矿岩垮落、岩爆、矿震等岩体动力灾害与深部岩体的初始受力特征和开采动力扰动密切相关。深部岩体的初始应力随开采深度增大，并在地下工程周边呈非均匀分布状态。同时，深部开采过程伴随着凿岩爆破、高阶段落矿等产生的动力扰动。本项目在构建深部资源开采诱发岩体动力灾害实录数据库的基础上，从深部岩体“非均匀高初始应力+动力扰动”的组合受力环境出发，通过室内试验、理论分析、数值模拟与现场监测等手段，研究了深部硬岩初始储能特征与动力扰动作用机制、深部硬岩动力扰动破坏规律与成灾机理、深部资源开采诱发岩体能量聚集与迁移规律以及深部岩体动力灾害的综合防控技术与能量调控方法，建立了深部岩体岩爆倾向性判据和非均匀应力环境中应力波传播的控制方程，获得了应力波通过深部硐室的散射规律和能量分布特性，揭示了非均匀高初始应力和动力扰动作用下动力灾害的孕育过程和诱发机理，进而以区域应力和能量变化为参量，开发了深部资源开采诱发微震震源类型识别和破裂区精确定位方法，建立了深部矿山多元灾害信息自动收集及动力灾害预警与防控体系，提出了深部采场区域整体地压和深部高应力岩体能量诱导调控方法，探求了深部开采诱发岩体动力灾害的驱动机制和防控策略，为深部资源安全高效开采中的灾害防控提供了科学的理论依据与技术保障。项目相关研究成果，在国内外学术期刊上发表论文112篇（其中SCI收录92篇，EI收录11篇，该基金号第一标注51篇、第二标注61篇），获得授权国家发明专利13项，出版学术专著2部，获省部级科技奖励4项，培养博士生8名，硕士生20名。项目执行期间培养国家“四青”人才3人，中国科协青年托举人才2人，湖南省杰青等省级人才5人。项目研究成果在开阳磷矿、山东玲珑金矿、内蒙古柴胡栏子金矿等深部矿山得到成功应用，保障了年产百万吨矿山的安全高效生产。