地方公共品影响住房市场的微观机制：城市空间中的静态和动态研究

With urban households' rising demand for education, transportation accessibility and environmental amenities, as well as the rising labor mobility, housing market has been playing a major role in allocating local public goods in cities. This research project aims to investigate the economic mechanisms of the local public goods' spatial allocation in housing market and how housing market responds to this process. Considering households' preference heterogeneity and supply constraints of local public goods and housing within the general equilibrium of residential location choice, we examines capitalization effect, residential sorting and expectation effect, and how the spatial and temporal patterns of prices (home sale price/rental price/land price) and quantities (population distribution/new construction) in housing market respond to the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of local public goods. The empirical analysis takes Beijing and Chengdu as case cities and focuses on three typical local public goods - primary school, subway and air quality. Employing spatial-temporal micro data sets of local public goods, housing transactions, land transactions and households, we identify the micro mechanisms in this process. We also simulate urban policies' short-term and long-term impacts and their distributional effects. The findings from this project can be used to assist the design of land and housing policies, and urban planning and infrastructure investment decisions, so that we may improve urban spatial efficiency, equity of public goods provision, and achieve a more balanced and stable housing market.

随着中国城市居民对教育、交通和环境质量等公共品需求的持续上升和住房市场的逐步成熟，居住选址已成为地方公共品供给和需求空间匹配的微观机制。本项目旨在揭示城市内地方公共品通过住房市场实现资源空间配置的内在规律，以及住房市场的静态和动态响应机制。将在居住选址空间均衡框架下考虑居民偏好异质性和供给约束，着重分析公共品影响机制中的资本化效应、群分效应和预期效应，以及住房市场"价"（房价/租金/地价）和"量"（人口分布/住房新建量）空间分布和时序变化对其的响应机制。经验研究将以北京和成都为案例城市，选择小学、地铁和空气质量三种典型的地方公共品，利用具有时空维度的"公共品-住房-土地-家庭"微观数据，准确识别上述微观机制。在此基础上，进行土地和住房政策、城市规划和基础设施建设决策的短期/长期效果模拟和分配效应测算，并为公共品投资决策提供需求参数，致力于改善城市空间效率，促进住房市场理性发展。

随着中国城市居民对教育、交通和环境质量等公共品需求的持续上升和住房市场的逐步成熟，居住选址已成为地方公共品供给和需求空间匹配的微观机制。本项目旨在揭示城市内地方公共品通过住房市场实现资源空间配置的内在规律，以及住房市场的静态和动态响应机制。将在居住选址空间均衡框架下考虑居民偏好异质性和供给约束，着重分析公共品影响机制中的资本化效应、群分效应和预期效应，以及住房市场"价"（房价/租金/地价）和"量"（人口分布/住房新建量）空间分布和时序变化对其的响应机制。经验研究将以北京和成都为案例城市，选择小学、地铁和空气质量三种典型的地方公共品，利用具有时空维度的"公共品-住房-土地-家庭"微观数据，准确识别上述微观机制。在此基础上，进行土地和住房政策、城市规划和基础设施建设决策的短期/长期效果模拟和分配效应测算，并为公共品投资决策提供需求参数，致力于改善城市空间效率，促进住房市场理性发展。