高精度激光陀螺无源谐振腔的背向散射耦合效应调控

By utilizing the theory of laser physics, the matrix optical approach and transformation optics approach, a theoretical model for analyzing backscattering coupling effect in various kinds of planar ring resonators will be established in this project. For high accuracy two-frequency dithered ring laser gyro which has a square ring resonator, the backscattering coupling effect and the affection of the backscattering coupling effect on ring laser gyro's performance will be researched systematically. The affection of the parameters such as cavity construction, misalignments of mirrors, performances of cavity reflectors and machining errors of terminal surfaces on the backscattering coupling effect will be analyzed. A method to decrease and to controll the backscattering coupling effect in the resonator of laser gyro effectively will be proposed. Experimental systems for measuring backscattering coupling effect in single direction and in two opposite directions of the passive ring resonator will be established respectively. Cavity loss will be measured accurately. Real-time measuring and controlling of the amplitude and phase of the backscattering coupling coefficient will be achieved. Finally, the backscattering coupling effect in laser gyro will be decreased effectively by utilizing beam-path control method during the assembling process of laser gyro. The deficiency of traditional method for reducing the backscattering coupling effect will be overcomed. The precision of laser gyros will be improved and the urgent demand of the research on high accuracy ring laser gyros will be satisfied.

该项目利用激光物理原理、矩阵光学和变换光学方法，建立各种常用平面环形谐振腔背向散射耦合效应理论分析的数学模型。针对目前我国精度最高的正方形谐振腔二频机抖激光陀螺，系统深入研究其背向散射耦合效应规律及其对陀螺性能的影响。理论上拟通过系统分析谐振腔结构、镜片多种扰动、反射膜片性能、谐振腔机械加工误差等诸多因素对谐振腔背向散射耦合效应的影响，分析研究并掌握激光陀螺无源谐振腔背向散射耦合效应受多种因素影响的规律，提出在陀螺装调过程中无源腔状态下切实可行的调控并有效显著降低激光陀螺谐振腔背向散射耦合效应的方法；实验上设计研制激光陀螺无源谐振腔单方向和顺逆时针双方向背向散射实时测量系统，实现对谐振腔损耗、背向散射耦合系数幅度和相位的实时测量和调控，最终达到在陀螺装调中通过光路调控有效显著降低背向散射耦合效应，以克服传统有源谐振腔降低背向散射方法的不足，从而提高激光陀螺的精度以满足我国高精度激光陀螺研制的需求。

该项目利用激光物理原理、矩阵光学和变换光学方法，建立了各种常用平面环形谐振腔背向散射耦合效应理论分析的数学模型。针对目前我国精度最高的正方形谐振腔二频机抖激光陀螺，系统深入研究了其背向散射耦合效应规律及其对陀螺性能的影响。理论上通过系统分析谐振腔结构、镜片多种扰动、反射膜片性能、谐振腔机械加工误差等诸多因素对谐振腔背向散射耦合效应的影响，分析研究并掌握了激光陀螺无源谐振腔背向散射耦合效应受多种因素影响的规律，提出了在陀螺装调过程中无源腔状态下切实可行的调控并有效显著降低激光陀螺谐振腔背向散射耦合效应的方法；实验上设计研制了激光陀螺无源谐振腔单方向和顺逆时针双方向背向散射实时测量系统，实现对谐振腔损耗、背向散射耦合系数幅度和相位的实时测量和调控，最终达到了在陀螺装调中通过光路调控有效显著降低背向散射耦合效应，以克服传统有源谐振腔降低背向散射方法的不足，从而提高激光陀螺的精度以满足我国高精度激光陀螺研制。.