复杂土壤体系中石油污染物的快速热解机制及调控方法研究

The area of petroleum contaminated soil (PCS) has ever-increased with the development of exploitation, transportation, and refinery of petroleum. The remediation of PCS has been one of the main concerns in environmental research. Fast pyrolysis is a promising technology for remediation of PCS because it is fast, high efficient, recyclable, and second-pollution free. However, the mechanism of PCS decomposition during fast pyrolysis is unclear, which makes the yield and composition of pyrolytic oil uncontrollable. Meanwhile, the reliable and facile indicators for evaluating remediation effect of PCS is still missing, limiting the broad application of fast pyrolytic remediation. In this project, the thermochemical decomposition pathways of petroleum pollutants in PCS under complex soil conditions was investigated by coupling the online analytic method with isotope labelling and density functional theory. The elucidation of mechanism from molecular level is critical to the controllable recovery of pyrolytic oil and reduction of cost. The underlying correlation among the pyrolytic parameters, the physicochemical properties of remediated PCS, and its bioavailability was investigated in detail. An easy-obtained indicator group was setup to facile evaluate the remediation effect of PCS by fast pyrolysis. This project can provide a potential resolution for the thorny PCS challenge faced by our country.

随着石油开采、运输与加工产业的发展，石油污染土壤(PCS)面积日益增长，修复PCS逐步成为环境研究领域的热点和重点。快速热解修复PCS具有快速、高效、可回收资源、无二次污染等优点。然而，制约快速热解方法应用的主要因素是复杂体系下PCS热解过程机制不清晰，修复后的土壤缺少可快速获取的评价指标体系。因此，本项目联用热解中间产物在线分析技术与同位素标记技术，并与量子化学计算方法有机结合，从分子水平上阐明复杂体系下PCS中有机污染物热解规律，提高热解油的品质与回收率并修复能耗。研究热解参数、热解后PCS物化特性、修复PCS的生物可利用性三者之间的内在联系，建立修复效果物化指标体系及获取方法。在此基础上，提出快速热解修复PCS新方法，为我国PCS及其它有机污染土壤修复提供理论与技术支撑。

随着石油开采、运输与加工产业的发展，石油污染土壤(PCS)面积日益增长，修复PCS逐步成为环境研究领域的热点和重点。快速热解修复PCS具有快速、高效、可回收资源、无二次污染等优点。然而，制约快速热解方法应用的主要因素是复杂体系下PCS热解过程机制不清晰，修复后的土壤缺少可快速获取的评价指标体系。因此，在本项目执行期间，我们联用热解中间产物在线分析技术与同位素标记技术，并与量子化学计算方法有机结合，从分子水平上阐明了复杂体系下PCS中有机污染物热解规律，提高热解油的品质与回收率并修复能耗。阐明了热解参数、热解后PCS物化特性、修复PCS的生物可利用性三者之间的内在联系，建立了修复效果物化指标体系及获取方法。在此基础上，提出快速热解修复PCS新方法，为我国PCS及其它有机污染土壤修复提供理论与技术支撑。研究证明快速热解技术可以高效地修复PCS，其中的石油可以回收，修复后的土壤对植物生长没有危害，且使得土壤呈现疏水性，具有优异的土壤保水性能，有利于沙漠化土壤的治理。