基于“传热传质－油水流变特征”的中药挥发油提取工程原理与工艺调控规律研究

Volatile oil of Chinese traditional medicine is an important intermediate of traditional chinese preparation, and steam distillation is the common extraction method of VO in the pharmaceutical industry. But in fact, there are many problems in the extraction process of VO, such as low extraction rate, bad appearance, or high tendency to emulsify and disperse. In manufacturing process, most of the extracts are aqua aromatica containing VO, which bring great difficulties to subsequent preparation procedures and quality control. Therefore, oil-water separation is the key to a successful exract of VO. Based on the previous studies, three medicinal plants with different types of VO were chosen as models. From the perspective of interface characteristics and rheology theory, we have studied the transmission law of VO druing the extracting process (including liquid-solid mass transfer, liquid-vapor mass transfering, vapor-liquid mass transfering and liquid-liquid mass transfering) by thermodynamics, interface chemistry and chemical engineering. We also set up the mass transfer model of VO in the processes of extraction and separation, control sreategies, and quanlity representation of VO and aqua aromatica. Using canonical correlation analysis to find the critical factor closely associated with oil-water separation and de-emulsifying capacity, we tried to explain the regulation mechanism(evaporation, temperature-control and de-emulsify)in the extraction process. Generally, it is an atempt to provide scientific basis and theoretical supports for the solution to the key and common issues while extracting VO by steam distillation, and for the optimization of technology parameter of extaction and improvement of extracting equipment.

中药挥发油（VO）是中药制剂的重要中间体，水蒸气蒸馏法（SD）提取挥发油是制药企业的通用方法。然而挥发油提取过程中普遍存在提取率低、品相差、易乳化分散等现实问题，提取过程只能得到含油芳香水，给后续制剂工艺和质量控制带来了巨大困难。本课题前期对部分中药如:姜黄、檀香、莪术等挥发油进行提取时发现,提取过程中“蒸发－温控－去乳化”各项参数与这些挥发油的理化性质关系密切。基于此，本项目选择含不同类型挥发油的药材为模型药，运用热力学、界面化学及计算流体学的方法，研究“固液－液汽－汽液－液液”4个过程的传质规律，建立挥发油提取分离过程传质模型、控制策略及挥发油质量表征体系，探求与油水分离及去乳化性能密切相关的因素，阐明挥发油提取过程传变规律与调控机理。以期为水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油存在的关键共性问题解决提供科学依据与理论支撑，也为优选提取工艺设计及提取装备开发提供重要理论和实验依据。

中药挥发油（EO）是中药制剂的重要中间体，水蒸气蒸馏法（SD）提取挥发油是制药企业的通用方法。然而挥发油提取过程中普遍存在提取率低、品相差、易乳化分散等现实问题，提取过程只能得到含油芳香水，给后续制剂工艺和质量控制带来了较大困难。本课题前期对部分中药如：姜黄、檀香、莪术等挥发油进行提取时发现提取过程中“蒸发－温控－去乳化”各项参数与这些挥发油的理化性质关系密切。基于此，本项目选择了含不同类型挥发油的药材为模型药，运用热力学及物理化学的方法，研究了“固液－液汽－汽液－液液”4个过程的传质规律，建立了挥发油提取分离过程传质模型和控制策略，构建了常用中药挥发油质量表征体系，阐明了挥发油提取过程传变规律与调控机理。为水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油存在的关键共性问题解决提供了科学依据与理论支撑，也为优选提取工艺设计及提取装备开发提供重要理论和实验依据。技术成果应用于制药企业，解决了中药挥发油提取大生产的难题，保障了中成药产品的质量，产生了良好的经济效益和社会效益。