低成本灵巧型变形镜在共形光学系统中应用的基础问题研究

In order to solve the aberrational correction problems existing in the application of conformal optical system (COS) with large gimbal angular, a bran-new solution which is based on low cost and agile anamorphoscope is brought forward in the project and the basic problems in its applications in the COS are also studied. At first, according to the specific conformal optical dome, the aberrational character and the aberrational varying mechanism of the dome’s inner optical system during its rotary movement are discussed; on the basis of aberrations’ change character, characteristic points are chosen within the gimbal angular and evaluation function is derived; primary mirror face and other imaging lens are selected respectively as local variable and global variables to optimize the evaluation function and the change law between gimbal angular and primary mirror face is obtained. After that, equispaced load point are set on the edge of primary mirror and based on the face type change features, value of loaded force and height and location of bracing structure behind the mirror are designed by the method of finite element simulation. At last, mathematical functions, which can compensate the aberrations of conformal optical dome in different positions with the anamorphoscope, between the drivers’ control parameters and gimbal angular are achieved by interpolation method. The anamorphoscope method proposed in this project is simple, agile, low cost and reliable which can promote the wide use of COS in precision-guided weapons and then accelerate the development of our nation’s precision-guided weapons.

为了解决大框架角共形光学系统在实际应用中的像差校正问题，本课题提出一种全新的基于低成本灵巧型变形镜的解决方案，并研究其在共形光学系统中应用的基础问题。针对给定的共形光学整流罩，首先研究其内部光学系统在转动过程中的像差特性和像差变化机理；根据像差变化特点，在框架角变化范围内选择特征点，建立优化评价函数，选择主镜面型作为局部变量，其它成像透镜作为全局变量进行优化设计，最终得到框架角和主镜面型之间的变化规律；然后，在主镜边缘设置均布的力加载点，根据面型变化规律，通过有限元仿真的方法，设计加载力的大小及镜后支撑结构的高度和位置；最终，通过插值方法建立了驱动器控制参数与框架角之间的关系函数，保证通过变形镜能够校正共形光学整流罩在不同位置的像差。本课题研究的变形镜驱动方式简单，结构灵巧，成本低，可靠性高，能极大地促进共形光学技术在精确制导武器中的广泛应用，进而提升我国精确制导武器的整体水平。

课题提出了一种低成本灵巧型变形镜的解决方案，在方案进展中主要分三部分进行；首先对共形光学系统成像机理进行分析，在长径比为1的椭球型整流罩及尖拱型整流罩。在分析过程中发现在不同扫描视场像散及慧差是共形整流罩所引入的主要像差。第二部分为根据这一特点，采用分别采用主反射镜为变形镜对椭球型整流罩及次及后端反射镜为变形镜对尖拱型整流罩进行了像差校正，校正后满足成像质量要求。同时对变形镜子进行了力学仿真分析，从理论上证明了变形镜的可实现性。第三部分为成像测试实验。在第二部分基础上，通过两端施加位移，同时在镜子后端施加三点支撑，对共形系统进行了光学成像实验，实验结果证明这种方式可以有效的校正共形光学系统像差，验证了方案的可靠性。为大框架角共性光学系统提供了有效的解决方案，为变形镜在共性光学系统中的应用提供了有效的依据。