基于环境能量俘获的无线传感节点能量供应方法和关键技术

Power supply challenge of wireless sensor network (WSN) is intrinsically caused by server energy limitation of battery powered WSN node. Hence，using ambient energy harvesting to power WSN node becomes research focus. Against the key problems existed in power supply based on ambient energy harvesting, four aspects of research are carried out. Harvesting efficiency problem of ambient energy is investigated by modeling and coupling mechanisms between energy converter and energy collecting and processing circuit, wide input (voltage, frequency and power) method and maximum power point tracing method; power supply reliability is studied with exploring cooperative collecting mechanism of multiple source energy, fusion collecting method of multiple energy sources and self-adaptive energy management strategy; design methods of extreme low power consumption circuit are researched and hence energy collecting efficiency is further improved through power optimization of control logic circuits based on dual logic, low power consumption design of power electronic circuits and application of near-threshold circuit design method. Finally, the proposed methods and key technology are applied in energy collecting and processing circuit design. The designed circuit is tested on the verification platform of multiple energy sources and proved by typical applications. The project is of important academic value and application perspective while the output of the project provides the key technical support for national IoT industrial development.

无线传感网络（WSN）能量供应的挑战问题本质上是电池供电导致WSN节点严重的能量受限问题，利用环境能量俘获为WSN节点供电成为研究热点。针对基于环境能量俘获的WSN节点供电存在的关键问题，项目开展了四方面研究。通过换能器与能量采集处理电路的耦合机理与建模，能量采集处理电路的宽输入（电压、频率和功率）方法和最大功率点跟踪方法的研究，以提高环境能量的俘获效率；通过多源能量协作式采集机理、多源能量的融合采集方法、自适应能量管理策略的研究，解决能量供应的可靠性问题；通过基于双逻辑的控制逻辑电路功耗优化、低功耗功率电路和近阈值电路设计方法的研究，解决极低功耗电路设计及集成问题，同时进一步提高能量俘获效率；最后，将所提出的方法和关键技术集成于能量采集处理电路，在多源环境能量测试平台上加以验证和测试，通过典型应用加以验证。项目研究具有重要的学术意义和应用价值，研究成果为我国IoT产业发展提供重要的技术支

随着集成工艺的发展，芯片的功耗降低至毫瓦级，环境能量俘获已成为集成无线传感网络（WSN）节点供能的有效途径之一。本项目围绕能量高效俘获、能量可靠供应和电路低功耗三个问题开展研究。.开展了高效环境能量俘获方法的研究，建立了主动自调频率的宽频带压电能量俘能器和基于上变频技术的压电电磁耦合多向振动能量俘能器模型，提出了可以采集低压压电能量的无整流同步开关电感接口电路，提出了基于包络检测的MPPT技术和基于准最大功率点跟踪双向间歇调节的高效电源管理电路。.开展了环境能量俘获可靠供应方法的研究，提出了基于协作俘能的热电辅助压电能量采集接口电路, 提出了多源同时俘能的Buck结构的多输入SECE接口电路，多输入串联同步开关（MIS-SSHI）电路，基于多堆谐振的可扩展混合能量俘获接口电路。.开展了极低功耗集成电路设计研究，提出了高效能量获取接口电路并进行流片实现，提出了采用混合阈值自补偿低压技术的双频段射频能量收集接口技术，提出了超低功耗的能量管理和控制电路设计，包括单电感双路输出DCDC、低压启动BOOST芯片，提出了超低功耗无运放设计的带隙电压电流基准二合一电路等电路。. 开展了能量采集处理电路集成及典型应用的研究，提出了由滚动球驱动的锯齿形压电弹簧的超低频振动能量俘获装置，提出了由旋转球驱动的磁耦合多方向超低频压电振动能量俘获装置。.项目研究成果对于丰富环境微能量俘获电路设计理论与方法，推动物联网应用的研究具有重要意义。