聚能射流天线作用机理研究

In the course of the research and development of electromagnetic pulses weapons, issues like low hit efficiency of system, miniaturized components and overload resistance of warhead have great influence on the application. As an important component of warhead, the aerial is faced with some urgent problems which require to be addressed, including its miniaturization, overload resistance and the improvement of efficiency. Shaped charge jet aerial is one of the approaches to resolve these problems. In this project, the operation mechanism of shaped charge jet aerial is studied in the following aspects, which are features of shaped charge jet, radiation model of shaped charge jet aerial, and the regularity of the influence of radiant electromagnetic pulses on the form of shaped charge jet aerial and so on. The prior research shows that the idea of this project is feasible, namely it is rational to conduct electromagnetic pulses radiation experiment with simulated shaped charge jet aerial on the basis of current pulse power source, and to test the electric parameters and properties through existing electromagnetic field testing system, which corresponds with theoretical research, and then to make a comparison between the after-effect target experiment and the regularity of the influence of radiant electromagnetic pulses on shaped charge jet aerial. In the project, it is expected to make the following achievements: model of shaped charge jet aerial with temperature property, radiation model of shaped charge jet aerial, and the influence model and penetration model of the form of shaped charge jet under the effect of radiant electromagnetic pulses. Generally, the research of this project not only supports the application of shaped charge technology in electromagnetic pulse warhead, but also sets an example for the diversified design of aerial, which is of tremendous significance in practice.

电磁脉冲武器的研发过程中，系统打击效率低，元器件的体积小型化和战斗部的抗过载问题都是制约其应用的重要影响因素。作为战斗部重要组成部分，天线的小型化、抗过载、提高效率问题也是亟需解决的问题之一，聚能射流天线是解决这些问题的重要途径。本项目对聚能射流天线的作用机理进行研究，研究内容包括，聚能装药形成聚能射流特性研究，聚能射流天线的辐射模型研究，辐射电磁脉冲对聚能射流天线形态的影响规律研究等。预先研究表明，本项目的思想是可行的，采用现有的脉冲功率源结合模拟聚能射流天线进行电磁脉冲辐射实验，与理论研究形成呼应，并利用后效靶实验来与辐射电磁脉冲对射流天线的影响规律进行对照。预计研究成果包括包含温度特性的聚能射流天线模型、聚能射流天线辐射模型、辐射电磁脉冲对聚能射流形态的影响模型和侵彻模型等。该项目的研究不仅为聚能装药技术在电磁脉冲战斗部上的应用提供支撑，而且为天线的多样化设计提供借鉴，具有实际意义。

本项目以聚能装药爆炸形成金属射流在电磁脉冲辐射天线上的应用为研究目标，以Φ56mm口径锥形聚能装药为研究对象，利用射流成型理论分析、天线辐射理论分析、LS-DYNA/AUTODY有限元爆炸数值仿真、HFSS电磁场数值仿真、分步式和整体联动实验研究的方法对金属射流天线要求、爆炸成型过程、射流电参数、射流辐射特性、结构方案等方面进行了研究，验证了金属射流天线的可行性，获得了不同结构或参数条件对射流天线的影响规律，确定了金属射流作为电磁脉冲辐射天线的最佳断裂时间、有效辐射中心频率与带宽、满足外电路接触要求的杵体适宜直径。爆炸联动实验结果表明：由设计方案爆炸产生的射流天线在加载约3.70MW峰值功率状态下，平均阻抗约为4.994Ω，辐射的电磁脉冲中心频率约为1.03GHz，射流天线受全系统影响后对钢锭的侵彻能力对比下降约21.4%。设计方案爆炸产生的射流天线满足波长匹配、连续性和外电路接触等要求，可有效辐射电磁脉冲。聚能射流天线相关研究成果可应用于电磁脉冲战斗部的脉冲辐射系统，为天线多样化设计提供思路，增加电磁脉冲战斗部的射流侵彻附加杀伤能力，形成电磁能和破甲复合毁伤，提高电磁脉冲战斗部的打击效率；可为以射流为主要毁伤元的战斗部，提供增加电磁能毁伤附加作战效果的相关研究提供技术参考；射流在电磁场作用下侵彻能力受削弱等研究现象，可为破甲弹的主动/被动防护装备研制提供新思路。