聚能射流侵彻高强度混凝土冲击波演化及侵彻机理研究

More and more high strength concrete targets appear on the battlefield now, and kinetic energy projectiles cannot destroy such targets since penetration is affected by the target strength for a projectile. On the contrary, shaped charge jets could attack high-strength concrete targets effectively, and can be used as the former warhead of tandem warhead. By opening the hole in the high strength concrete, projectile can penetrate into high strength concrete easily. In this project, Reactive Powder Concrete is taken as the research object. The evolution of shock waves, and the crater growth process in high strength concrete for shaped charge jets penetration will be studied. A mathematical model will be established to describe the variation of the characteristics of shock waves and crater when shaped charge jets penetration into typical high strength concrete. Moreover, The X-ray tests will be used to obtain the jet parameters. The DOP experiments will be conducted to study the effects of high strength concrete and jet parameters on the penetration process, and verify the model of shaped charge jets penetration into high strength concrete. Finally, the structure of shaped charge will be designed to achieve the effective damage in high strength concrete. The study can prove a reference and theory support for the shaped charge warhead design and efficient damage theory, and the shaped charge warhead technology will promote crossover development.

战场上高强度混凝土目标日益增多，动能弹由于自身特点难以摧毁该类目标，而聚能射流受靶板强度影响较小，聚能装药可作为串联侵彻爆破战斗部的前级战斗部，对高强度混凝土预开孔，后级战斗部随进侵彻，从而有效对付高强度混凝土目标。本课题针对前级聚能装药战斗部，以钢纤维活性粉末高强度混凝土为研究对象，对聚能射流侵彻下混凝土中冲击波演化机制、高强度混凝土中聚能射流侵彻孔形成规律、聚能射流对典型高强混凝土的侵彻机理等问题进行深入研究，建立聚能装药侵彻典型高强度混凝土的理论模型。进行X光试验获取研究聚能装药形成射流的参数，进行静爆威力试验研究钢纤维活性粉末高强度混凝土性能、聚能射流参数对聚能射流侵彻过程的影响，验证聚能装药侵彻典型高强度混凝土模型。设计满足要求的聚能装药结构，最终实现聚能装药对高强度混凝土的有效毁伤。该技术的突破将为我国今后研制高效毁伤弹药提供强有力的技术支撑，实现攻坚战斗部技术跨越式发展。

随着混凝土材料的发展和加工工艺的不断改进，使得高强度混凝土和超高强度混凝土大量出现，作为一种新型水泥基复合材料，由于其优异的抗冲击、抗侵彻和耐久性等优点，在军事上得到极其广泛的应用。传统打击混凝土目标的手段是采用动能侵彻爆破战斗部，但在高速侵彻高强度混凝土时，侵彻阻力呈几何式增长，致侵深减小，威力大幅降低。国内在针对性研究中发现，串联式侵彻爆破战斗部的前级装药在对付高强度混凝土时，普遍存在着前级聚能装药的开孔不足、侵彻深度较差等问题，但国内外迄今尚无针对聚能装药对高强度混凝土的侵彻研究。因此分析在一定条件下，如何提高聚能侵彻体对高强度混凝土的侵彻威力，对于提高我国军事力量和国民经济有重要的现实意义。.基于现实意义，本课题主要研究了聚能射流侵彻下冲击波的演化机制及聚能射流对典型高强度混凝土的侵彻机理，在此基础之上，进行了钢纤维活性粉末高强度混凝土中侵彻孔的形成规律研究，建立了相应的侵彻深度和开孔直径的计算模型。并对结果进行了试验验证。基于HJC模型描述高强度混凝土的本构模型和侵彻阻抗模型，提出了4种响应模式，研究发现，该模式可以较为准确地描述弹靶界面响应，并指导聚能射流侵彻高强度混凝土的侵彻深度及开孔规律的研究。提出了聚能射流侵彻典型高强度混凝土的侵彻深度及开孔直径的半经验计算模型，利用侵彻高强度混凝土靶板的静爆威力试验获得模型所需必要参数。考察了四种材料等质量药型罩射流对高强度混凝土的毁伤情况，与数值仿真结果基本吻合。开展了两种结构聚能装药射流侵彻强度为C100、C200、C300及C400混凝土侵彻深度试验，结果显示，随着混凝土抗压强度的提高，侵彻深度明显降低，当抗压强度达到约200MPa时，侵彻深度降低速率显著减缓，且结果验证了射流侵彻高强度混凝土的计算模型的合理性。对指导聚能装药战斗部设计和弹靶响应机制研究具有一定现实和科学意义。