面向车载燃料电池耐久性的电电混合动力系统关键问题研究

The vehicle-mounted durability of fuel cell has become a key factor restricting the commercialization of fuel cell vehicle. The dynamic driving cycle will accelerate the degradation of membrane, catalyst, carbon support and other materials, with dynamically varying load mode, frequently startup-shutdown mode and idling mode, et al. A fuel cell and auxiliary power sources electric-electric hybrid powertrain is proposed, and two key issues are researched from theoretical analysis to experimental test. The first key issue is to reveal the feature of fuel cell durability under the dynamic driving cycle, and the another key issue is accomplish a dual objective dynamic optimization of hybrid powertrain energy management. Firstly, the accelerated durability test experiments are designed for the single cell and fuel cell system, respectively. The feature of fuel cell durability under the dynamic driving cycle will be revealed based on the experimental results and the correlation function will be established. Secondly, the online state of fuel cell system is estimated using a robust principal component analysis method, and some constraint conditions of improving the durability of fuel cell are optimized. And then, a dual objective optimization problem is proposed and established, namely improving the durability of vehicle-mounted fuel cell system and vehicle fuel economy, simultaneously. A improved genetic algorithm with sensitivity is proposed to achieve the dynamic collaborative optimization of dual object under the varying constraint conditions. Finally, the verification and evaluation of energy management strategies is completed through an online test bench. The research findings will lay the theoretical foundation and experimental support for solving the durability key issues of fuel cell under the commercialization process of fuel cell vehicle, with important academic and realistic value.

燃料电池的车载耐久性已成为制约燃料电池汽车产业化的关键因素，特别是动态变载，频繁启停以及怠速高电位等车载工况会导致膜、催化剂及碳载体等材料的加速衰减。本课题从整车角度，采用燃料电池与辅助动力源电电混合拓扑结构，针对车载动态循环工况对燃料电池耐久性影响规律分析及多能源能量管理的双目标动态优化两大关键问题进行理论和实验研究。具体研究内容包括：设计单电池及系统加速耐久性测试实验，揭示动态循环工况对燃料电池耐久性的影响规律，建立相关性函数，采用鲁棒主元分析法实现系统在线状态估计，完成提高其耐久性的约束条件优化；提出并建立车载燃料电池系统耐久性及整车燃油经济性兼优的双目标优化问题，研究改进的灵敏度遗传算法，实现变约束条件下双目标的动态协同优化；通过在线测试台架完成能量管理策略的验证与评价。研究成果将为解决燃料电池电动汽车商业化面临的耐久性关键问题奠定理论基础和实验支撑，具有重要的学术意义和应用价值。

质子交换膜燃料电池是未来新能源电动汽车的理想能源，但燃料电池的车载耐久性已成为制约燃料电池汽车产业化的关键因素，特别是动态变载，频繁启停以及怠速高电位等车载工况会导致膜、催化剂及碳载体等材料的加速衰减。如何提高车用燃料电池系统的耐久性，延长其使用寿命，目前是一个亟需克服的关键问题。申请人提出“燃料电池-锂电池-超级电容”三能源混合动力系统结构，研究面向燃料电池耐久性的混合动力系统能量流优化管理策略，完善已建立的系统综合在线测试台架，全面完成项目研究目标及研究任务。. 项目研究内容包括:1)基于燃料电池及动力电池耐久性测试平台，建立了燃料电池、锂电池及超级电容三种典型车载新能源系统模型及在线估计方法。基于大量实验测试数据，研究并揭示了车载动态循环工况对燃料电池耐久性的影响规律；基于卡尔曼等非线性状态估计算法，建立了燃料电池、锂电池及超级电容三种能源的动态模型及关键状态估计方法。2)建立了“燃料电池-锂电池-超级电容”三能源混合动力系统综合在线测试台架，提出基于极小值原理及模糊控制的燃料电池多能源混合动力系统能量流优化管理策略，并完成控制策略的在线测试及验证。基于研究的多能源混合动力系统优化控制策略，引伸到热电发电汽车多能源混合动力控制领域，并进一步验证该控制策略。. 以上研究内容及成果对提高目前燃料电池车载耐久性及使用寿命具有重要的研究价值和科学意义，经燃料电池在车载循环工况下的加速寿命测试，发现燃料电池耐久性及寿命比纯燃料电池系统提高14.1%。项目合计发表学术论文29篇，其中SCI收录11篇，EI收录9篇；申请发明专利4件，授权发明专利3件；获得湖北省技术发明二等奖2项，获得中国产学研合作创新成果奖及个人奖各1项；培养博士生2名，硕士生7名；申请人获批湖北省杰出青年基金、武汉理工大学青年拔尖人才。