中国广义疣柄牛肝菌属的系统发育与分类研究

Fungi of Leccinum s.l. are economically and ecologically important. Almost all of the species in the genus are ectomycorrhizal fungi. Some of them are well known edible mushrooms worldwide, while some are toxic. Species in the genus are diverse in morphology, complicate in structure, and wide in ecological distribution. Due to either parallel or convergent in evolution, the relationships among genera or lineages in Leccinum s.l. are very complicated. Consequently, it is hard to understand the phylogeny and evolution of Leccinoid boletes effectively through a single approach. We will employ integrated and inter-disciplinary approaches including macro- and micro-morphological characterizations, ultrastructural investigations of basidiospores, and molecular phylogenetic analyses of multigene nucleotide sequences to study species in this genus. The goals of this project are (1) to reveal the diversity at generic or specific level in Leccinum s.l., (2) to elucidate the phylogentic relationships among and within the genera of Leccinum s.l., (3) to delimit genera and species, (4) to describe new genera and some new species and propose a new system of the genus. This project has significant importance in understanding the phylogenetic position, genera or species diversity and species evolution history of leccinoid boletes.

广义疣柄牛肝菌属真菌具有重要的经济和生态价值，多数种是树木外生菌根菌，不少种是世界著名的野生食用菌。该属真菌形态多样、结构繁杂，分布广泛，系统亲缘关系复杂。主要存在以下问题：属的范围存在分歧，属下分类系统争议较大，分类混乱；国产种类多数沿用欧美物种的名称，误定率高；缺乏全面的分子系统学研究数据, 属的系统位置、属下各类群间的系统关系尚不明确。本项目拟利用形态、超微、系统发育及分子进化等的综合手段，对该属国产种类进行全面深入的研究，获得属下各类群的形态证据、多个分子片段的DNA核苷酸序列、担孢子外壁纹饰特征及代表种分子进化的数据，综合研究和分析，深入认识该属真菌的属、种多样性，阐明该属各单系间及单系内种间的系统发育关系，发表若干新分类单元，提出该属新系统。本研究对全面深入认识广义疣柄牛肝菌属的系统亲缘、属种多样性及物种演化历史具有重要科学意义。

广义疣柄牛肝菌属真菌主要存在以下问题：属的范围存在分歧，属下分类系统争议较大，分类混乱；国产种类多数沿用欧美物种的名称，误定率高；缺乏全面的分子系统学研究数据, 属的系统位置、属下各类群间的系统关系尚不明确。本项目利用形态、超微、系统发育及分子进化等的综合手段，对该属国产种类进行全面深入的研究，获得属下各类群的形态证据、多个分子片段的DNA核苷酸序列、担孢子外壁纹饰特征及代表种分子进化的数据，综合研究和分析，深入认识了该属真菌的属、种多样性，阐明该属各单系间及单系内种间的系统发育关系。本项目已发表广义疣柄牛肝菌属真菌1个新亚属，11个新种、1个新组合、2个中国新记录种和10个过去描述过于简单不利于鉴定的物种；本研究澄清了广义疣柄牛肝菌属在属级水平上的多样性和属内物种多样性，更正了众多的错误认识，本研究对全面深入认识广义疣柄牛肝菌属的系统亲缘、属种多样性及物种演化历史具有重要科学意义。